都市

Under in the circumstances, with taking the economic theory of Marxism as the instruction, and based on a comprehensive analysis of the basic theory of the development of urban agricultural , the article made a thorough inquiry into the present situation and the problems in Shenzhen with the theories of the development economics, the agronomics, the quantitative economics and other disciplines of knowledge, it also focused on the strengths in the process of Shenzhen's development of urban agricultural.

基于此，本文以马克思主义经济理论为指导，运用发展经济学、农业经济学和数量经济学等学科知识，从梳理都市农业发展的基础理论着手，深入剖析深圳市都市农业的发展现状与问题，以及重点探讨深圳市都市农业发展的内外部优势，在总结国内外发达地区都市农业发展的经验基础上，研究深圳市都市农业发展战略，并。。。

Finally, the study primary indicate three ecological zone ,named urban core zone, urbanize zone, banlieue, and defined itself ecological relationship. Simultaneity, this syudy indicate cardinal urban space development problems about population, land, economic activities by the spatial structure analysis. And it directs this problems to offer countermeasure.

进而利用台中市相关数据初步地辨识出都市中心、都市化地区及市郊区等三个都市生态空间区域，指出其生态关系，并透过空间结构分析明确台中都市发展在人口、土地和经济活等三方面的主要问题，从环境保护的角度，对台中都市生态系统空间结构的问题提出改善建议，供台中都市空间规划参考。

By starting with the basic theory of metropolis ring spatial development and drawing the experience of domestic and foreign metropolis ring, the paper makes a discussion on efficiency of metropolis ring pattern, development phases and spatial structure. It points out the three main phases of metropolis ring development—rudiment, growth and autumn. From the spatial structure, the paper stresses that metropolis ring has the features of "ring and layer", the size of the "ring and layer" has the direct ratio with city size, convenient degree of external transportation and city radiant intensity. It owns the idea that adjustment and control of metropolis ring spatial development should reflect the following concepts, including globalization, regional integrated harmony, views of scientific development, harmonious society, consultative city planning, people-oriented principle, guided city planning and responded city planning.

从都市圈空间发展的基础理论入手，借鉴国内外都市圈发展的经验，本文对都市圈模式效应、发展阶段和空间结构进行了探讨，认为都市圈发展阶段主要分雏形期、成长期和成熟期三个阶段；从空间结构看，都市圈具有"圈层式"的特征，圈层的大小与城市规模、城市对外交通的便利程度、城市对外辐射强度成正比；都市圈空间发展调控应体现全球一体化理念、区域整体协调理念、科学发展观理念、构建和谐社会理念、协商规划理念、以人为本理念、导向型规划理念和规划应变性理念。

This theme that begins from cultural angle of sight is concentrated on two typical cases of urban cultural writings, in order to approach such canonical expression writings in Modem Chinese Literature. Further more, it also discusses how urban culture upgrades the value of urban literature.

本论题从文化视角入手，集中就都市文化书写的两个典型个案来探讨现代文学史上两种典范性的都市文化书写，讨论都市文化对都市文学创作的价值提升。

Through the knowledge of the urban societies, this case study puts the New Caoya Urban Squatter Settlements back in the Story of the urbanization and the housing policy, discuss its historic and social formation, breaks the public opinion's prejudice, puts in light the ill-assorted sharing of the country resources and the unequal development of the cities.At the same time, this research introduces the formation and the structure of the New Caoya Urban Squatter Settlements - it comes at first from the urban development bringing a need of workers, the population migrates massively from the countryside to the city, the study shows more clearly the bad regulation of the housing policy. In the time, the authorities, to relieve the tension of the consumption, let the Squatter Settlements form. With the evolution of the urbanization, it became a choice of extra housing. Today the New Caoya Squatter Settlements play still an important role among the low incomes families.

本研究透过都市社会学认识论的仲介，将新草衙违建聚落放回到都市发展与住宅政策的历史脉络中，探讨新草衙违建聚落的形成历史及其社会过程，破除社会大众对新草衙违建聚落边缘性的偏见，还原新草衙违建聚落背后所隐含的国家资源分配不均及城乡发展不均衡等意涵，同时透过新草衙违建聚落的研究，指出新草衙都市违建聚落的形构，首先由都市产业发展带动劳工需求，乡村大量人口涌进都市，进而为都市土地住宅政策调节失当所深化，而当时国家或都市当局为缓和都市集体消费问题的压力，默许放纵此违建聚落的形成，而随著都市发展的演变，作为非正式部门住宅服务的特殊形态，新草衙违建聚落至今仍担任著提供中低收入住宅的重要功能。

In view of Island capital / Taiwan modern urban writing, most of them were written with the left wing and the anti-colonialism conciousness. In the mid 30's, a kind of urban topographical writing appeared. Through the antecedents of colonial urban, authors tried to recapture the right of writing and interpretation of Taiwan history from the Japanese colonists, and the urban modernity experience of characters thus became a political metaphor. Thus, due to the expansion of urban modernization and the maturity of consumer society, authors were forced to change their ways of viewing, perceiving, and writing, some of the fictions displayed a marvelous integration of "leftism as well as modernism" like a Sphinx.

岛都╱台湾都市书写方面：多数仍在左翼、反殖民的思考脉络中进行；三○年代中期出现「地志化」的都市书写，透过「一座城市的身世」，作家试图在殖民者的「去历史」与「进步论述」中重新夺回台湾历史的书写权、诠释权，主人公的都市现代性经验於是成为一种「政治隐喻」；另外，三○年代中期台湾都市摩登的强势进驻与消费文化的成熟无可避免地迫使作家改变其观看、感知、书写都市的方式，部分作品已呈现出一种「左翼＋新感觉」的史芬克斯状态。

Urban development is an organic progress. When it shows the indication of aged environment and degenerative function, Urban Renewal is applied to improve the quality of environment, to resuscitate the economic, and to increase the competitiveness of the city.

都市发展为一有机的成长过程，当其产生实质环境老化、都市机能衰颓的迹象，地方政府往往运用都市更新政策，以改善都市生活环境品质、复苏地方经济、提升都市竞争力。

Most studies on fire prevention focus on buildings themselves, such as fire protection facilities, the usage of uninflammable materials, the design of partitions for preventing from fire hazard, etc. However, few researches discuss how to manage fire hazard in community scale concerning surrounding environments, space structure, land use, etc. Recently, urban plans are requested to take hazard mitigation into account. It demands more studies on the urban scale. Hence, this research proposes an evaluation method to assess fire risk degree in terms of urban blocks.

然而，目前一般消防单位对於消防安全之检视大多仅著眼於建筑物内部的消防设备或是建物内部防火设计是否妥当等硬体面，但从都市整体角度，即周边环境、空间结构以及建物、土地使用等因素对於火灾之影响则甚少探讨之，再加上都市防灾计画与检讨中亦须风险的资讯，因此本研究拟就都市街廓尺度，评估其火灾风险度，以作为都市地区消防规划、通盘检讨以及都市更新等政策决定之参考依据。

This is determined by the recounting stategy of woman writers who match it with the city reading market.With female sensitivity and sharp observation they jot down various present life fragment of dramatic color,vivid plots in turns and twists,even oddness,which satisfy the reader's need to some extent.However,the biggest problem of legendary recounting affecting female metroplis novels is the modelization in creation,and severe untruthfulness of the story.This should not be neglected by woman writers if they are to surpass themselves.

它们在阅读市场化时代之所以能引人注目，显然不仅仅在于女作家们紧追中国日益都市化和市场化的历史步伐，同构性地刻画了中国都市向现代化演进的轨迹，并由此构成了中国当代都市的巨型寓言，也不仅仅在于女作家们发现并提出了女性在走向工商业都市文明的历程中，所必须重新审视的生存和价值问题，更在于女作家们凭借自身对阅读市场的敏感而迅捷地体察到了市场和读者的要求，并在此基础上确立了与之相匹配的叙事策略。

Based on the situation in Shanghai. this paper applys the theories of in tegration of city and countryside. agriculture in city countryside. agricultur- al modernization arid sustainable agricultural development to deal with the achiveruen t of national industrialization and modernization lie in agrieultura~ modernization ?-? integration of city and countryside -~-? urbanization of rural areas-?-? agriculture in city countryside this is the main clue of the paper. In the view cf history and reality with overall and system. this paper appl~is analysis method of combination of normative and positive. quantattve and qualitive. long-term and short-term and, internal, external arid Shang- hai to discuss relationship among agriculture in city countryside. agricultural modernization and sustainable developrncnt, the history. present and re- straint factors of sustainable development of modern agriculture in city coun- tryside in Shanghai is further analysed. So concepts. goals. index system. selective patterns, developmental strategys and measures of sustainable de- velopment of modern agriculture in city countryside are raisen.

本文立足于上海，依据城乡一体化、都市农业、农业现代化和农业可持续发展理论，围绕着实现国家工业化与现代化的出路在于把农村、农业剩余劳动力转移出来，实现农业现代化——农业剩余劳动力转移必须打破城乡分割，实现城乡一体化——打破城乡分割又必须实现农村城镇化——农村城镇化前提下的农业一定是都市农业的中心线索，全面系统地从历史与现实的角度，运用理论与实践、规范与实证、定性与定量、国内外与上海以及点面相结合的分析方法，探讨了都市农业、农业现代化与可持续发展的关系，分析了上海现代都市农业可持续发展的历史、现状和制约因素，提出了现代都市农业可持续发展的概念和目标、指标体系、选择模式以及发展战略和对策。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。