郊区特点

Centuries later, Edinburgh had developed into a town based on the castle. After the unification of England and Scotland, capitalism became the main character of the economy of Edinburgh. At that time, the old town of Edinburgh had arrived at a kind of saturation in the pre-industrialization of middle age: productivity and acceptance level had reached the limit in terms of city plane, space dimensions and city functions. When the Industrial Revolution came, the population increased in times and a great deal of factories and residence were needed to be built up.

从第一次工业革命结束以来，这一郊区化过程可以划分为两个阶段：从1767年第一座新城动工至1850年第五座新城竣工为第一阶段，这一时期郊区化扩展规模大、速度快，建筑内容丰富等特点，故称其为爱丁堡城市郊区化的规模扩展阶段；第二阶段从19世纪50年代第六座新城和第七座新城相继建造至1890年七座新城内主要建筑的建设全部完毕，在这一阶段里，郊区化的城市面积扩展规模较小，重点在于完善城市内部的功能，因此这一阶段可称为郊区化的完善城市功能阶段。

To understand how character mediates opposition to higher-density development, resident activists'understandings of character are described through case studies in the middle-ring suburb of Camberwell and the inner-city suburb of Fitzroy, places where campaigns to protect existing character have been intense and very high-profile.

为了理解集约化特点如何引起人们对高密度开发项目的反对，笔者在坎伯威尔中环地带和菲茨罗伊内城郊区的案例研究中描述了居民活动者对集约化特点的理解。上述两个地区保护现有城市特色的活动频繁而且非常高调。

The author argued that to build a multiplex community care system for the aged in rural area, which can polymerize the forces from all of the family, society and government, will provide guaranteed later years for the aged in countryside.

因此本文调查了上海郊区——南汇区老年人生活状况和养老需求，探讨了老年人服务目前存在的问题，分析产生的原因，进而结合我国农村特点，提出了在农村建立多元化养老服务体系的观点。

Professionals in accordance with the "suburbs of Shanghai to become a strong point to open up room for development," then the outskirts of real estate development, it is necessary to do their own characteristics, but also highlight the advantages of various regional functions.

专业人员按照"上海郊区要成为优势开拓发展空间"，那么郊区的房地产开发，有必要做自己的特点，而且还突出了优势，各区域的功能。

But most of existing research on the population in suburb which depend on the censuses data of 2000 is macroscopical and unitary. And the space scope of research is based on the administrator unit. So there is devoid of the research about individual and microcosmic condition because of less of data.

对于郊区人口的一般属性研究，目前在理论界多有涉及，其基础有赖于历次人口普查的数据，由于这些数据以行政区划为统计单位，决定了这些研究适应较为宏观、并与行政区划相适应的命题；而对有赖于个体统计数据的人口聚居实际情态的研究，由于数据特点的限制涉猎较少。

Beijing environmental problems hold severe, and atmospheric and water pollute, soil and water loss, hot island and yawp are leading problems,and take on territorial characteristic. Based on research on relativity between urban forest and these environmental problems, urban forest can effective improve environmental quality in Beijing. And for the aim of improve environmental quality, Beijing forest overlay should attain 35% at least in citywide range, and local-areas being severe environmental problem should be provided with higher forest overlay.5. Through the study on urban forest needed capacity, Beijing's forest coverage is up to par in citywide range, but montanic forest coverage, plain covered with trees and average forest area are lacking, and CO2 and O2 balance is incapable;form the point of heat and balance CO2 and O2 balance,urban forest the city zone and suburb is lack. There is urban forest developmental potential space,but the city zone and suburb area need be compensated form urban forest in circumjacent region.6. On the based of the above results and ecological network system, the author drived whole region into city area, plain and mountain area are needed at the point of planning thoughts of running-through forests and water .

根据城市森林与北京市主要环境问题的相关性分析，城市森林在改善这些环境问题中具有重要的作用，为有效改善这些环境问题，整个北京市域范围内森林覆盖率至少达到35%，并且分布比较均匀，环境问题严重的局部区域需要不同程度增加森林覆盖率。5、通过对北京市城市森林需求量研究发现，虽然在市域范围内北京森林覆盖率达到了国家标准，但是山区森林覆盖率、平原林木覆盖率、城区人均森林面积不足；从区域热平衡和碳氧平衡角度分析，城区和郊区不能满足本区域的城市森林需求量，虽然北京市城市森林具有一定的发展潜力，整体上基本可以满足城市需要，但是这些区域需要依靠周边区域城市森林的补偿。6、根据以上的研究结果，以中国森林生态网络体系建设的点、线、面布局理念为指导，以&林网化——水网化&作为优化理念，将北京市整个市域划分为城区近郊区及其辐射区域，平原区和山区三大区域，依据三大区域特点进行城市森林布局优化。

The historical process of Xi'an University space expansion shows the characteristics of suburbanization, concentration, ring location, fan-shaped distribution, the multi-campus colleges and so on.

2西安市高等院校空间扩张过程中表现出郊区化、集聚性、环形选址扇形分布和高校多校区等特点。

We consider suburban areas in terms of population density and of apparent spectral reflectance using Landsat data and quantify the relationship between the two variables. We also compare these results with the USGS National Land Cover Dataset (National Land Cover Characterization, 2001). We selected the Low Intensity Residential, High Intensity Residential and Commercial/Industrial/Transportation classes and crossreferenced the areal extents for these classes with vegetation fractions and urban classification estimates for the six cities included in this study.

我们从人口密度方面和利用美国地球资源探测卫星数据的表现光谱反射比与确定两变量间的关系来考虑郊区，另外，为了对该研究中的六个城市做出评价，我们将这些探测研究结果与美国地质勘探局的国家地表的一套数据(2001国家地表特点)相比，收集低密度住宅，高密度住宅，商业工业运输的分类，通过植被区与城市分类交叉引用这些来自同一地区的廷区。

Fancy gold-plated dangling earrings with facetted White Opal crystals.

花式镀金悬垂耳环与facetted白欧泊水晶。

This essay chooses the study aim from biology teachers in middle school in Shi Jiazhuang which tells us that most of the middle school biology teachers in Shi Jiazhuang have the"burnout", lower successfulness, individualize.

本文选取石家庄市初中生物教师作为研究对象，运用问卷调查的方法对石家庄市初中生物教师职业倦怠的现状进行调查，调查结果发现，石家庄市初中生物教师这一群体普遍存在职业倦怠，情感枯竭程度偏高，成就感偏低，去个性化程度最为严重。