遗传的

The appearance of afebrile seizures after FS was also independently associated with FS recurrence, and its risk ratio was higher than familial FS history.

FS复发、FS伴无热惊厥和首次发作年龄≥36月作为遗传连锁分析中分组的筛选标准，对降低遗传研究中的异质性有重要意义。

Embedding the gradient direction search and new kinds of evaluation functions into the Genetic Algorithm, a special hybrid Genetic Algorithm with mutation along the weighted gradient direction to solve non-linear programming problems is developed. Then in Chapt 4, a type of nonlinear programming problems with fuzzy objective and fuzzy resources constraints is discussed, in which the objective is ill-defined and the resources possess two different types of fuzzy resources, i. e., tolerance and imprecision. By way of description and formulation of fuzzy objective and fuzzy resources, the problem with fuzzy objective and two different types of fuzzy resources is modelled into a fuzzy nonlinear programming model FO/RNLP and interpreted as three equivalent alternative crisp model to reflect the variety of the environment and the subjective and preference of the decision maker .

本文首先针对遗传算法在求解非线性规划问题中存在的问题，首次提出非可行点／染色体的主导准可行方向，准可行方向，及非可行点属于可行域的可行度等新概念，借助于模糊思想，提出了描述和度量非可行染色体的新方法；通过嵌入非可行染色体的信息于评价函数中，提出了三种新的评价非可行染色体的评价函数；把传统的启发式方法-梯度方向搜索和新的评价函数嵌入到遗传算法中，提出了一种沿加权梯度方向变异的新型混合式遗传算法；第四章针对生产实际中非清晰定义的模糊目标和两种类型的模糊资源，建立了一类连续型模糊目标／资源约束非线性规划问题的模型FO／RNLP。

Asymmetric over-introgression of the indica alleles on chromosome 7 and many specific regions on other chromosomes in the japonica genetic background is consistent with the general trend observed in the RIL and F_2 populations of the same cross, suggesting a high genetic load in the japonica gene pool, and japonica genome experienced a very severe bottleneck by artificial domestication.2 Genetic background effect on QTL expression of grain weight and its related traitsGenetic background effect on main-effect QTL and digenic epistatic QTL mapping for GWT and its related traits including GL, GW and GT was dissected by a large set of reciprocal introgression lines and recombinant inbred lines derived from Lemont and Teqing in Beijing environment.

籼粳相互导入具有不对称性，粳稻向籼稻背景的平均导入频率与期望值相仿，相反籼稻向粳稻背景的平均导入频率大大高于理论预期，位于第7染色体和一些其它染色体的特殊区段存在籼稻等位基因的超导入现象，在来自相同亲本的重组自交系和F_2群体中也观察到同样的导入趋势，表明粳稻基因组具有较大的遗传负荷，粳稻品种在人工驯化过程中曾经历过一个非常剧烈的遗传瓶颈。2水稻籽粒相关性状的主效和互作QTL表达的遗传背景效应利用Lemont和特青培育的双向导入系和重组自交系群体，在北京环境下定位影响千粒重及其相关性状如粒长、粒宽和粒厚的主效和互作QTL，分别在特青背景导入系、Lemont背景导入系和重组自交系下检测到影响千粒重及其相关性状的主效QTL分别为33个、27个和13个，互作QTL分别为4个、8个和23个，其中仅有6个主效QTL(QGwt5，QGl1，QGl3b，QGl4，QGw7和QGw8)在籼粳两个不同背景下共同表达，3个主效QTL(QGwt5，QGwt7a和QGt5)在导入系和重组自交系中共同表达，分别占检测到影响这些性状QTL总数的11.1%和4.3%，未检测到在3个背景下相同表达的互作QTL。

RAPD(Random amplified polymorphic DNA) was used to detect the genetic diversity of Castanopsis eyrei populations in three forest communities at different succession stages in Tiantai mountain Zhejiang Province,namely,needle-leaved forest,needle/broad-leaved mixed forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest.

利用RAPD技术对甜槠种群在浙江省天台山不同演替阶段森林群落(针叶林、针阔混交林、常绿阔叶林)中的遗传多样性和遗传分化进行了分析。3个甜槠种群平均多态位点百分率为67.98%，总多态位点百分率为92.13%。

Only 129 markers were used to construct the molecular genetic linkage map, and mapped on 21 chromosomes by Mapmaker 3.0 and Mapdraw V2.1. The map spaned about 2106.2 cM in wheat genome. The average distance of markers was 16.32 cM.

用Mapmaker 3.0和Mapdraw V2.1软件将129个SSR位点绘在小麦遗传连锁图上，该图谱覆盖小麦基因组全长2106.2 cM，标记间的平均遗传距离为16.32 cM。

We show that over timescales ranging from 500～10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species.

从500～10 000年的时间尺度上，多态的等位酶位点上等位基因频率的数据表明：1）遗传多样性沿入侵路线呈不断下降的趋势，支持了冰河期避难所作为遗传多样性中心的作用；2）入侵地区的种群与该物种原产地的种群相比，遗传上的分化更为强烈。

The pseudo parallel genetic algorithm is applied to the optimization of PID controller's parameters.It overcomes the premature phenomenon that often appears in the general genetic algorithm in some extent and the convergence speed is improved.

在对PID控制器参数优化中引入了伪并行遗传算法，在一定程度上克服了常规遗传算法容易产生的&早熟&现象，收敛速度也进一步提高。

The broad heritability of yield per plant was the highest, and that of seed number per pod was the lowest.

3性状遗传力中以单株产量的广义遗传力最高，角果粒数最低。

Many senior geneticists point to a genetically engineered future.

许多高级的遗传学者指出遗传创造未来。

The genetic variations of four ginseng populations (32 individuals) were confirmed by random amplified polymorphic DNA markers and 46.1% polymorphic sites were detected, which proved that the genetic diversity level in the garden ginseng Panax ginseng C.A.

用随机扩增多态DNA标记法对 4个人参(PanaxginsengC 。A 。Meyer)栽培群体 32个个体进行遗传多样性分析，发现RAPD多态位点为 46 。1%，证明在人参栽培群体中存在较丰富的遗传多样性。分析一路参、三路参、系选品系 5 9号、北京参等 4个人参栽培群体和 1个西洋参 P 。quinquefoliumL 。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。