遗传的

The method solves the limitation of converging to the local infinitesimal point in medical image segmentation,and adopts the initial algorithm to assure the initial searching scope of genetic algorithm which is better accommodable than standard genetic algorithm with fuzzy C-means clustering,speeding up the convergence of genetic algorithm.

该算法除了解决模糊C均值聚类算法在医学图像分割中容易陷入局部最优解的问题，而且采用的初值化算法比标准的遗传模糊C均值聚类算法能确定更合适的遗传算法的初始搜索范围，从而加速了遗传算法的收敛过程。

The percents of RAPD amplified polymorphic loci for Lanceolaria grayana and Anodonta fluminea are lower than 40%;the intra-population Shannon's genetic diversity index is 0.1891 and intra-population genetic distance is 0.0708, and they are the lowest in all populations.

涨渡湖、宿鸭湖、都阳湖的褶纹冠蚌3个地理种群的多态座位百分率为622%~70.9%，Sh~on遗传多样性指数为0.3596~ 0.4041，种群内的遗传距离为0.1 540~0.1%9，3个种群之间的遗传距离为0.1931~ 0.2389，涨渡湖与宿鸭湖的种群之间有较近的亲缘关系。

The percents of RAPD amplified polymorphic loci for Lanceolaria grayana and Anodonta fluminea are lower than 40%; the intra-population Shannons genetic diversity index is 0.1891 and intra-population genetic distance is 0.0708, and they are the lowest in all populations.

涨渡湖、宿鸭湖、都阳湖的褶纹冠蚌3个地理种群的多态座位百分率为622%~70.9%，Sh~on遗传多样性指数为0.3596~0.4041，种群内的遗传距离为0.1 540~0.1%9，3个种群之间的遗传距离为0.1931~0.2389，涨渡湖与宿鸭湖的种群之间有较近的亲缘关系。4。

Of the 36 tussah silkworm varieties, the Nei's genetic diversity index was 0.3243±0.1515, and Shannon information index was 0.4871±0.1975, suggesting that bivoltine tussah silkworm varieties are still rich in genetic diversity even having been conserved in the same place for quite long time. Nei's genetic identity of the 36 varieties ranged from 0.4959 to 0.8347, 96.59% of which was above 0.6, revealing large similarity between different varieties. A clustering analysis showed that these varieties formed two separate clades, one of which included varieties bred by the institute and the other included imported varieties from other provinces or countries.

供试品种资源的Nei氏遗传多样性指数为0.3243±0.1515，Shannon信息指数为0.4871±0.1975，表明长期同地保存的二化性柞蚕品种资源同样具有丰富的遗传多样性；供试品种的Nei氏遗传一致性范围在0.4959~0.8374之间，达0.6以上的占96.59%，表明多数品种资源的相似程度较高。36份品种资源分别以辽宁省蚕业科学研究所育成种为主和以国内外引进种为主聚为两大类群。

Genetic diversity of Croomia The results of inter-simple sequence repeat indicated that the genetic diversity of Croomia was very low. At the population level, the genetic diversity of C. japonica PPB = 21.20%, H_(pop= 0.0644, I = 0.0981, N_e=1.1077 was lower than that of C. heterosepala PPB = 29.81%, H_(pop= 0.0944, I = 0.1424, N_e=1.1613. But at the species level, the genetic diversity of C.

Croomia的遗传多样性分布格局 ISSR分子标记的研究结果显示，Croomia居群水平的遗传多样性很低，其中C.japonica的遗传多样性PPB=21.20％，H_(pop=0.0644，I=0.0981，N_e=1.1077稍低于C.heterosepala的PPB=29.81％，H_(pop=0.0944，I=0.1424，N_e=1.1613；而在物种水平上相反。C.japonica和C.heterosepala居群间的分化都明显大于居群内的分化，其居群间分化值F_分别为73.60％和54.99％。

Nei'genetic distance showed Schima superba and Cryptocarya chinensis hadsmall genetic distance between every two subpopulations of each own,but Castanopsischinensis had high genetic distance between every two subpopulations of own.

Nei遗传距离结果表明，荷木和厚壳桂两两亚种群间都有非常小的遗传距离，而锥栗却有大的两两亚种群间遗传距离，表明荷木和厚壳桂亚种群间个体的差异小，有较少的位点频率发生变化；而锥栗亚种群间个体的差异大，有较多的位点频率发生变化。

These genes are related to many plant functions, indicating that the heterosis was related with many metabolization pathways.1.2 The quantity of discrepant genes showed that the genetic discrepancy was notalways the same with the discrepancy of expressed genes, indicating that small-scale genetic discrepancy maybe result in large-scale genes discrepantly expression; in other way, some genetic discrepancies might not embodied on the discrepant genes in the experiment.1.3 Nine and eight discrepant genes were found respectively in the superior bulkand minor bulk in the dominant level.

1.2 各张芯片差异表达基因数量表明遗传差异与表达谱差异不尽一致，可能较小的遗传差异可以造成表达谱的巨大改变，而有些遗传变异可能没有在表达谱上表现出来。 1.3 从优势集团和负优势集团中分别找到9个和8个具显性表达水平的差异表达基因，研究表明显性表达水平的差异表达基因的聚合与杂种优势的表现没有相关性。

In particular, the documentation of rapid and extensive non-Mendelian genetic and epigenetic changes that often accompany nascent polyploidy is revealing: the resulting non-additive and novel gene expression at global, regional and local levels, and timely restoration of meiotic chromosomal behavior towards bivalent pairing and disomic inheritance may ensure rapid establishment and stabilization as well as its long-term evolutionary success.

特别是，所发现的在多倍体形成初期，快速且大量产生的非孟德尔遗传变异和表观遗传变异为相关机理的探讨提供了重要的启示。不同尺度上的基因非加性表达以及染色体二价体联会和二体遗传方式的快速建立可能对新形成多倍体的早期稳定和长期进化优势都具有重要意义。

Statistics show that Mahonia plant has high genetic diversity, and the distance of gene of same species with different place of origin is markedly smaller than that of different species. The species can be identified by comparing the distance of gene between populations with that of database.

统计结果显示：十大功劳属植物具有很高的遗传多态性，在研究的30个随机引物中，多态性比率为95％；不同产地的同种植物的遗传距离明显小于不同种；在应用中可望对待鉴定材料进行相同引物的扩增，引入数据库，通过计算样品与数据库标准样品的遗传距离来对待测样品进行鉴别，或直接通过聚类来确定其归属。

The observed matrilineal genetic structure is thus a reservoir that aggregated all kinds of genetic and demographic effects.

单一的历史事件虽然可能会在群体的遗传结构中留下痕迹，但目前观察到的群体的遗传结构反映的是一个很长的时间段内各种遗传效应和历史事件影响的综合。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。