遗传的

Vallisneria spinulosa maintained high levels of genetic variation both at the species and at the population level. Partitioning of genetic diversity revealed a surprisingly low population differentiation as compared to other hydrophilous angiosperms.

利用等位酶和开发的微卫星标记研究了刺苦草在长江中下流域的遗传多样性和遗传结构，研究结果表明，刺苦草在居群水平和种水平都具有高的遗传多样性；居群间遗传分化程度非常小；居群间历史上存在长距离基因流。

In nuclear style families, to study the genetic association and linkage relationship and to provide the genetic basis information for the further research. Methods: We investigated the genetic structure and relationship of 116 Keshan Disease patients and 65 local normal people in Shaanxi province with HLA-DRB1 locus, which is characterized by high polymorphism and inheritage stability, with polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonuclotide probe.

本研究选用具有高度多态信息量及遗传稳定性的人类HLA-DRB1遗传位点，以陕西118名克山病人及当地65名正常对照人群作为研究对象，用聚合酶链反应—序列特异性寡核苷酸探针的方法对其遗传结构及其相互关系进行了分析研究，并在核心家系中采用基于单体型的相对风险及传递不平衡检验对其遗传指标进行了统计计算。

Genetic diversity and geographic variation innatural populations of the endemic Castanea species in China 植物学报, 1999,null

刘占林%李珊%阎桂琴%宋颐%赵桂仿华山新麦草自然居群的遗传结构和种内遗传多态性研究遗传学报， 2001，08

The research aimed to analyze the genetic variation of Apis mellifera L.and Apis sinensis within variety and among variety in Jiangsu province. 6 pairs of microsatellite DNA markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of A.mellifera and A.Sinensis at DNA level.

微卫星标记在评估群体的遗传多样性、估测遗传距离、构建群体间亲缘关系等方面显示出了很强的优越性，已经成为群体遗传结构、遗传多样性研究中最普遍最有效的工具之一。

Moreover, the actual allele frequency of most varieties deviates far from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. All PPB、na 、I、h、Gi and Fst have proved to be the references to elucidate that ISSR is a most powerful tool to analyze genetic diversity, compared with the RAPD marker and the allozyme marker is less strong ordinally. We could divided the 70 samples into A, B, C, D and E five groups using three methods according to genetic distance clustering. There is a bit displacement for few varieties in different clustering maps, but the most are similar to morphological analysis despite that there is still a great difference among cultivars in the same one group. The above results imply that the three methods have the different sensitivity and resolution in genetic distance analysis of close varieties. The Mantel test indicates that the results from the three kinds of markers have the significant correlation, which demonstrates that the number of the used three kinds of markers is enough to exactly detect the diversity of all 70 samples to ideal extent. And these methods can be used to evaluate the diversity of the whole group using the miscellaneous samples instead of the individual sample, of the Gerbera jamesonii are mainly from tissue culture plants. In conclusion, the above study results provide a reference for the application of three kinds of molecular markers to molecular marker-assisted breeding of flower. 2. The genetic diversity among the eight introduced cut-flower varieties of Ranunculus asiatica was analyzed by the ISSR markers. Based on the genetic clustering tree, all the colorful flower varieties are clustered into one group, and the white flower varieties into another group. Moreover, among the former group the yellow flower varieties are clustered into one sub-group, and the reddish flower varieties, such as rose color, pink, nacarat, are clusetered into another sub-group.

由三种分子标记的分析结果可以看出，等位基因平均值、观察杂合度、Fis值、Fit值皆较高，表明非洲菊等位基因较丰富，杂合基因偏多，且绝大部份品种的实际等位基因频率在品种内偏离了Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium；PP8、na、Ⅰ、h、Gi及Fst皆表明，ISSR检测遗传多样性的能力最强，其次是RAPD，等位酶最低；根据遗传距离进行聚类，三种方法都把70个品种分成A、B、C、D、E五个大组，每一组中除少数品种发生位移外，大部份品种分类结果相似，且与形态分析结果有相似性，但在每一组中，品种间的聚类差别较大，表明这三种方法在近距离品种间检测遗传变异时灵敏度及分辨力不同；Mantel检测表明，三种标记的分析结果有显著相关性，表明所用的三种分子方法的标记数量已经可以相对无偏地检测到70个品种间遗传变异；非洲菊为组培苗，三种标记的检测结果皆表明，混合样品可以作为个体样品的代表，对整个居群的遗传多样性进行评价；这些研究结果可为三种分子标记方法在花卉分子辅助育种中的进一步应用提供借鉴。

The results showed for the first time that different maize inbreds may have different genetic patterns in resistance to Pythium inflatum Matthews.Some inbreds showed characteristics of quantitative inheritance,while some inbreds showed characteristics of qualitative inheritance.

首次证明：玉米对肿囊腐霉菌青枯病的遗传方式因自交系而异，有的自交系具数量性状遗传特点，有的则具质量性状遗传特点。

The experiment show s that GA-BP optimal algorithm can draw each joint rotative angle from the end-position.

而遗传算法则擅长全局搜索，基于遗传算法的遗传进化方法可以在一复

Unit 2: Cellular reproduction and Genetics—Cell cycle, Mendel's Law, patterns of Inheritance.

第二个单元讨论细胞的繁殖和遗传现象，主要内容包含遗传理论及各种遗传模式。

A simplex method which modified by author has been hybridized with genetic algorithm to improve the performance of genetic algorithm.

本文将一种经过作者改进了的单纯形算法与遗传算法相结合，提出了一种混合遗传算法方案，并将它与遗传算法进行了比较。

To evaluate the factors affecting seed yield of castor and categorize castor resource, 46 castor germplasms were analyzed according to the key components analysis and cluster analysis of 11 quantitative characters.

初步提出评选蓖麻种质资源的遗传主成分标准。46份蓖麻种质资源被分为4类，地理远缘材料在遗传上不一定远缘，而近缘材料由于选择方向不同可能成为遗传远缘。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。