遗传的

This study aims to explore the following questions: differences of the genetic polymorphism among seasonal populations; differences of genetic diversity among four age groups and between two different gender populations; testifying the Ford and Chitty hypothesis; the relationship between the genetic diversity and geographic distance; the relationship between the genetic diversity and population density; edge effect on genetic diversity.

主要探讨以下问题：季节种群间遗传多态的差异；种群年龄组和性别间遗传多样性的差异；Ford和Chitty的假说；种群遗传多样性与空间距离的关系；种群遗传多样性与密度的关系；中心区、边缘区和半岛区种群遗传多样性的差异。

The thesis also draw several conclusions as follows:(1) Orthogonal experiment design method can be viewed as a special case of genetic algorithm, i. e. a genetic algorithm with a fixed initial population, an oriented-mutation operator and one evolution epoch.(2) In terms of running steps, genetic algorithm is more complex than orthogonal experiment design method.

论文首次对正交试验设计法和遗传算法这两种独立发展起来的方法进行比较研究，提出(1)正交试验设计法是遗传算法的一种特例，即是一种初始种群固定的、只使用定向变异算子的、只进化一代的遗传算法；(2)遗传算法产生的优化解优于正交试验设计法产生的优化解，且遗传算法处理交互作用项的效率高于正交试验设计法；(3)遗传算法的步骤比正交试验设计法复杂，所需的试验次数也要多。

In the early stage of the genetic algorithms, the three genetic mechanisms are used both in integer part and decimal part, so that the genetic algorithms have stronger global search ability, keep the population diversity efficiently and avoid falling into local extremum. In the later stage of the genetic algorithms, the three genetic operators are used in decimal part, so the genetic algorithms have stronger local search ability and fast convergence ability.

在遗传算法开始阶段，该编码算子进行整数部分和小数部分的遗传操作，使得遗传算法在早期具有很强的全局搜索能力，避免陷人局部极值；在后期进行小数部分的遗传操作，使得遗传在后期具有很强的局部搜索能力，能够很快地搜索到全局极值。

Genetic algorithm and three kinds of hybrid genetic algorithms are presented for parallel machines earliness/tardiness production line scheduling problem.

三。对并行机器生产线提前／拖后调度问题提出了遗传算法和三种混合遗传算法（基于进化交叉的遗传算法、基于模拟退火的遗传算法、基于进化交叉及模拟退火的遗传算法）。

In this paper, population genetic variability and genetic structure of five populations of an important cultivation species, mirror carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.) were analyzed using 30 microsatellite loci. The observed and expected heterozygosity values, polymorphic information content and number of effective alleles ( A e were all determined.

采用30个微卫星分子标记，对5个镜鲤群体的观测杂合度、期望杂合度、多态信息含量和有效等位基因数等进行了遗传检测，根据基因频率计算遗传相似系数和Nei氏标准遗传距离，以 c 2检验估计Hardy-Weinberg平衡，以近交系数和基因流分析群体的遗传分化。

There were three isozyme (AMY1, AMY2 and AMY3) at the locus of amylase in Qinghai Merino, moreover, there were two genotypes of AMY2A and AMY2O at the AMY2. Monomorphism was tested at the locus of AMY in Gansu Alpine Merino. The degree of genetic variability estimated by Nei's expected average heterozygosity for the 6 blood protein loci was relatively higher in Gansu Alpine Merino and in Qinghai Merino than that in others, which indicated that there are higher genetic variations and richer genetic diversity in Alpine Merino.

从6个血液蛋白位点的Nei氏预期平均基因杂合度所估计的群体内的遗传变异以及与本研究其它群体的结果相比来看，甘肃高山细毛羊和青海细毛羊的群体内的遗传变异相对较大，而其它群体内的遗传变异则相对较小，说明高原型细毛羊群体内遗传变异程度较大，遗传多样性较丰富，具有较大的选择潜力，为高原型细毛羊进一步选育提高提供了遗传基础。

The strong FSGS and large genetic patches may induced high level of biparental inbreeding, which reduced effective outcrossing rate.

综合野生大豆遗传多样性水平、遗传结构与交配系统的研究进行分析，在制定野生大豆保护策略特别是原位保护策略时，保持种群生境一定程度的自然扰动可以打破种群内空间遗传结构或是减弱空间遗传结构，这将提高有效异交的频率，增加种群内杂合子的频率，从而维持种群内较高的遗传多样性水平，保持野生大豆的进化潜力。

Result The ordinary broad sense heritability rates of various traits were at extremely significant level, specially, that of bell weight, lint percentage, top stem thickness were more than 50% and that of the ginned cotton output per plant, bells per plant, plant height, stem thickness of cotyledon node were lower. The ordinary narrow sense heritability of the ginned cotton output per plant and bells per plant were 24% and 25% resp. and that of bell weight and lint percentage etc. were lower or zero.

结果］各性状的普通广义遗传率均达极显著水平，特别是铃重、衣分、顶部茎粗的普通广义遗传率达50%以上，单株皮棉产量、单株铃数、株高、子叶节茎粗普通广义遗传率较低，单株皮棉产量和单株铃数的普通狭义遗传力分别为24%和25%，铃重、衣分等性状的普通狭义遗传力较低或为0。

The medium level of overall genetic diversity and medium Fixation Index (Fst=0.193) indicated that the Oncorhynchus mykis reared in Gansu had relatively medium genetic variation.

综合分析，认为甘肃金鳟遗传性状基本稳定，遗传变异度较高，遗传多样性相对丰富，具有较大的遗传潜力，与道氏虹鳟和日本金鳟群体间分化明显，人工选育对群体的遗传变异产生了一定的影响。

The results indicated that the c-terminal fragment of Arabidopsis CRY1 gene was successfully integrated into the rape genome, mainly in the form of tabling, with a few in the form of single copy. The transformed gene could be stablytransmitted in the progeny, with a transmitted line rate of 62.5%. The genetic pattern of the transformed gene in the T_2 generation was mostly non-Mendelian. The transgene was expressed in some of the transgenic plants, but kept silent, in other plants.

结果表明，转化的外源目的基因多数以嵌合形式，少数以单拷贝形式整合到转基因甘蓝型油菜的基因组中；目的基因能稳定地遗传给后代，株系间遗传传递率为62.5％；T_2代的遗传行为少数呈现孟德尔遗传，多数呈现非孟德尔遗传现象；拟南芥CRY1基因能在转基因油菜中表达，但也出现了沉默现象。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。