遗传效应

These results indicated some differences from other investigated autopolyploid plants in autopolyploid watermelon. Autotriploid watermelon, in particular, showed unusual characters of genome structure and DNA methylation status, which may be closely associated with the oddploidy effect and the excellent traits present in triploid plants.

综上结果证明，西瓜同源多倍化过程中发生的遗传和表观遗传改变与已报导的一些植物的同源多倍化有所不同，特别是三倍体西瓜，其表现出独特的基因组结构及DNA甲基化状态变化特徵，而这可能与植物的奇倍性效应及三倍体西瓜优良性状的形成密切相关。

In this research, the ~ and F2 of the crosses between a natural mutant 慪34?with super-minute grain and 慪38?with super-large grain,慡huhui 881擲huhui 527?with middle grain size were carried out to study the inheritance of the grain shape (grain length, grain width, grain thickness and grain length/width ratio) and 1000-grain weight. The main results are summarized as below:? The F1 grain length, grain width, grain thickness and 1000-grain weight of three crosses were lay between the two parents and tended to Y34, which indicated that those grain traits were all governed by the dominant effect of Y34 and influenced by both female and male parents. The differences of F1 grain length, grain width, grain thickness and 1000-grain weight of positive and negative crosses between Y38 and Y34 indicated the existence of cytogene effects.? The broad heritabilities of major grain traits were calculated.

本研究利用一份水稻极小粒自然突变材料Y34与一份水稻极大粒材料Y38、两份常规籽粒大小材料蜀恢881、蜀恢527的杂交F_1及F_2，对主要粒形性状（粒长、粒宽、粒厚、长宽比）及千粒重进行了遗传研究，根据遗传研究的结果利用微卫星标记结合F_2群分法对控制Y34短粒性状基因进行了分子标记定位，主要结果如下：●各组合F_1粒长、粒宽、粒厚和千粒重介于双亲之间且明显偏向于小值亲本 Y34，这表明粒长、粒宽、粒厚和千粒重均主要受小值亲本显性基因的控制并同时也受大值亲本核基因的影响。Y34与Y38正反交F_1在粒长、粒宽、粒厚、千粒重等性状上存在差异，表明存在细胞质效应。

Finally,the information about QTLs and epistasis in the population provide strategiesfor manipulation of heterosis and improvement in hybrid rice.

最后，本文就上位性效应对杂种优势遗传研究和杂交水稻遗传改良的影响进行了讨论。

Parameter mode was to interpret the inheritance of the characters studied and the epistasis was significant.

数量遗传分析表明，角果长、千粒重的遗传符合加性显性二基因互作模型，存在显著的上位性效应。

Analysis of seed and maternal genetic effects for nutritive quality traits of grain in indica rice［J］.

稻米碾磨品质性状遗传主效应及其与环境互作的遗传分析［J］。

The heredity of parthenocarpy was correspondent with the additive-dominant model, the additive effect was major.

黄瓜单性结实性状遗传符合"加性－显性"遗传模型，以加性效应为主。

It is interpreted that the correlation structure of the allelic polymorphism data contains null correlations introduced by "closure" and the statistical distribution of the data is not normal because of its constant row sum,which resulted in great difficulties in analyzing the data with traditional multiple linear statistical methods such as principal component analysis,factor analysis,cluster analysis and canonical correlation analysis.

长期以来，对于多维基因多态性数据的多元统计分析，如计算遗传距离时所用的聚类分析、分析群体遗传结构时所用的主成分分析、因子分析和典型相关分析等，一直应用为无约束条件数据而设计的经典多元线性分析方法，并没有注意基因多态性数据的"闭合效应"所带来的问题。

In this paper, we overviewed the relationship between male gametophytic selection and phenotype of its sporophyte, genetic differentiation and its application in plant genetic improvement, so it would be provided reference information for correlated research of male gametophytic selection.

本文主要概述雄配子体选择与孢子体表型的关系、遗传分化效应及其在植物遗传改良中的应用，以期为雄配子选择相关研究提供参考

The aim was to research the genotoxicity of shampoo concentrations of 3 brands to root tip of Vicia faba cell, and provide the reference for genotoxicity of shampoo to human body.

［目的］研究了3个品牌洗发水浓度对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传毒性效应，为洗发水对人体产生遗传毒性问题的认识提供参考。

Then, the behavior of synthetic musks as POPs is analyzed on the basis of their biological accumulation, environmental degradation and biological transformation. Some visible adverse ecological effects including environmental hormone toxicity, toxic genetic effects, and physiological ecotoxicity, plus the influence of synthetic musks on enzymatic activity, and their toxic effects on microorganisms are also summarized.

在此基础上，从人工合成麝香的生物蓄积行为、环境降解行为和生物转化行为等3个方面，对人工合成麝香所具有的持久性有机污染物的行为特征进行了分析；概述了人工合成麝香的环境激素毒性、遗传毒性效应、生理生态毒性、对酶活性的影响以及对微生物毒性效应的研究进展，展示了人工合成麝香所可能产生的不良生态效应。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。