遗传效应

The results showed that tiller number is mainly controlled by both the general genetic factor and the GE interaction factor (with 61.7﹪ of the general heritability and 17.2﹪ of the GE interaction heritability).A total number of 19 QTLs was detected to associate with tiller number. Of these, 9 and 6 QTLs were with single locus effects and digenic effects, respectively. The epistatic effect between QTL 1-8 and QTL 1-12 was suggested to be a major effect due to the contribution of 21.6﹪ in spring season.

结果表明，分蘖数主要由普通遗传因素和互作遗传因素控制(呈现61.7﹪的普通遗传率和17.2﹪的互作遗传率)，共有19个QTLs与分蘖数有关，其中9个和6对QTLs分别具有单位点的遗传效应和2位点的互作效应，QTL1-8和QTL 1-12的上位性效应由于在春季的贡献率达21.6﹪，因而认为是一对主效。

Study on genetic effects of drosophila melanogaster by using laser irradiation .

利用果蝇(D.melanogaster)研究激光辐照生物的遗传效应。

Most variations of most bases arose from transition, and a few of them were transversion. Furthermore, there was great coherence among these changed bases in type

远缘杂交后代的进化可能是一个持续过程，姊妹系内的株系之间某些性状存在差异，这些差异很可能与重复序列的变异有关，这为后生遗传效应机制的研究提供了有用的材料。

Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to study the new approaches of QTL mapping, the results indicated that general least squares method, which was widely applied in mixed linear model, could unbiasedly estimate all genetic main effects, including additive effects, dominance effects and epistatic effects of additive by additive, additive by dominance, dominance by additive, dominance by dominance.

对新提出的QTL分析力法进行了Monte Carlo模拟研究，结果表明，广泛应用于混合线性模型的广义最小二乘法能够无偏估计加性效应，显性效应以及加加、加显、显加、显显上位性效应等各项遗传主效应；运用线性无偏预测法能够无偏预测上述各项遗传主效应与环境的互作效应；基于QTL效应的杂种优势预测也是无偏的。

A bivariate animal model was used for estimation ofvariance components, including fixed effects of age of calving, herd-test-day, and days in milk, in addition to random additive genetic effects and permanent environmental effects.

阿二元动物模型，用于估计差额部分，包括影响产仔年龄固定的原因，畜群试验一天牛奶中，除了遗传效应随机添加剂还有永久的环境影响。

The estimation of additive and dominance effects through QTL analysis by onedimensional search while ignoring epistases showed similar accuracy to that by two-dimensional search by including epistases. Existence of epistases could decrease the precision for the estimation of additive and dominance effects. The estimation of genetic main effects would be biased if ignoring the interaction effects of QTL×environment . Joint analysis of multiple environments including QE interaction effects could increase the precision for the estimation of genetic main effects.

忽略上位性效应的一维搜索QTL分析对加性效应和显性效应的估计精度与包括上位性的两维搜索QTL分析对这两种效应的估计精度相差不大，上位性的存在可能会降低对这两种效应估计的精度；忽略QTL×环境互作效应会导致对遗传主效应的有偏估计，而包括QE互作效应的多环境联合分析能够提高对遗传主效应的估计精度。

Maternal genetic effects, however, were not important for these traits with excepts of drip loss, marbling score and storage loss.

生长和肉用性状的母本遗传效应较小(失水率、大理石纹等级、贮存损失例外)。

Most of the triazole fungicides are widely used against rusts, powdery mildews and scabs. But triazole fungicides were harmful to fish and other aquatic organisms. And the Environmental Protection Agency has classified TBZ as a "possible human carcinogen" because it caused significant toxicity and reproductive effects on laboratory mice.

但是三唑类杀菌剂对于鱼类和其他水生生物有害，而且由于戊唑醇对老鼠具有毒性和遗传效应，美国环境保护署(Environemt Protection Agency， EPA)把戊唑醇列为&人类可能致癌物质&。

The genetic analysis was carried out for 8 characters on 9 energy cane parents and their 20 combination crosses with the NCII mating design. The results showed that the inheritance of stalk biomass, brix weight, available stalk numbers and weight per stalk was subject to both additive gene effect and non-additive genes effect, but mainly controlled by non-additive genes. The inheritance of plant height, stalk diameter and brix was subject to both additive gene effect. The broad sense heritability (HB2) of stalk biomass and brix was over 50%, and those of brix weight were 33.7% at the seedling stage 54.4% at its ratooning stage, respectively , which means that the selection would be done better at the early stage in the sugarcane breeding program.

利用遗传交配设计对能源甘蔗9个亲本组配的20个组合、8个性状进行遗传分析，结果表明：地上部鲜重、锤重、丛有效茎数和丛重的遗传既受基因的加性效应也受基因的非加性效应所控制，但以非加性效应为主；株高、茎径和锤度的遗传主要是受基因的加性效应控制，地上部鲜重和锤度实生苗新植和宿根的H_B~2都在50％以上，而锤重的H_B~2分别为33.7％和54.4％，而且锤重和地上部鲜重母本gca方差都大于父本gca方差，说明能源甘蔗育种中母本选择的重要性。

Gene expression is most active 40-50 days after silking.

一些遗传效应存在发育时期间断表达的现象。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。