遗传效应

The SCA effect was important in the heterosis of the spike number per plant of the intervarietal hybrid, the SCA and GCA were both important in the heterosis of the grain number of main spike of the intervarietal hybrid; the SCA effect played an major role in the heterosis of the spike number per plant of the interspecific crosses of the common wheat and club wheat, the SCA effect played an major role in the heterosis of the 1000-grain weight of the interspecific crosses of the common wheat and spelt wheat.

普通小麦品种间杂种每株穗数杂种优势中，特殊配合力所代表的非加性遗传效应起了主要作用，而主穗粒数杂种优势中一般配合力、特殊配合力所代表的加性、非加性遗传效应所起的作用相当；普通小麦与密穗小麦种间杂种主穗粒数杂种优势中特殊配合力所代表的非加性遗传效应起了主要作用；普通小麦与斯卑尔脱小麦间杂种千粒重杂种优势中特殊配合力所代表的非加性遗传效应起了主要作用。

Like the numerator relationship matrix used in the traditional trait BLUP, in random QTL effect model of trait-marker BLUP, before estimating the variance component of QTL, the conditional relationship coefficient of additive QTL effects or the probabilities of being identical by descent of QTL alleles among relatives should to be known.

将QTL作为随机效应，和传统T-BLUP中分子血缘相关阵类似，在采用TM-BLUP进行种畜遗传评定，以及在进行QTL方差组分估计以前，首先要知道有亲缘关系个体QTL加性遗传效应间条件相关系数或基因同源相等的概率。

It suggests that GCA is superior to SCA in the whole heredity and variation. That is to say, the dominant effect of heat tolerant character in cabbage is not significant, and the additive effect is most important.

结果表明，在总的遗传变异中，代表加性遗传效应的一般配合力方差占绝大部分，而特殊配合力方差比例很小，仅占总变异的4%，显性效应不显著。

The total genetic effect of progeny was obtained by economic weighting genetic effect of these two traits.

通过经济加权上述两个性状的遗传效应来预测后代的综合遗传效应。

But more and more experimental data and QTL mapping showed that there exist major genes of large genetic effect besides the polygene with samll effect in quantitative traits.

但越来越多的试验数据和QTL作图结果表明，控制数量性状的基因体系中既有遗传效应较小的微效多基因，又有遗传效应较大的主基因。

But the former study was only the identification analysis of the existing of the major gene and polygene, the identification of genetic model and the analysis of genetic effect in major gene and polygene mixed inheritance model of quantitative trait from different animal-plant.

但以往的研究只是对不同动植物主基因-多基因混合遗传的数量性状的主基因和多基因存在的鉴别分析，以及遗传模型识别和各种遗传效应的分析。

The observed matrilineal genetic structure is thus a reservoir that aggregated all kinds of genetic and demographic effects.

单一的历史事件虽然可能会在群体的遗传结构中留下痕迹，但目前观察到的群体的遗传结构反映的是一个很长的时间段内各种遗传效应和历史事件影响的综合。

The new statistical analysis methods are mostly based on mixed linear model approaches for estimating variances and covariances, unbiasedly predicting random effects, analyzing conditional variaces and effets, and composite interval mapping.

基于混合线性模型的分析原理的统计分析方法包括方差和协方差估算方法、随机效应的无偏预测方法、条件遗传方差和条件遗传效应的分析方法、复合区间作图方法等。

At present this procedure can be used to evaluate the genetic effects of individual major genes (up to 2-3 major genes) and the collective genetic effects of polygenes as well as their heritability values.

目前该方法可以检验2～3个主基因的个别遗传效应、多基因整体的遗传效应和两者的遗传率。

But significant differences were found in coefficient of variation and broad-sense heritability (H2) of the three characters: CV and H2 of self-pollinated fruiting rate were both greatest, with the variation mainly resulted from inheritance, and high inheritance potential; H2 of fertile flower rate was the least and its variation was less from inheritance; CV of average fruit weight was the least and its inheritance potential is small. Thirdly, the ratios of sweet to bitter kernel of F1 progenies in positive and reverse crosses between Katy and Taianshuixing were 18∶16 and 13∶12, and were both in agreement with a 1∶1 segregation by χ2 test, which demonstrated that the bitter kernel character of Katy was heterozygous.

但3个性状的变异系数和广义遗传力(H2)均差异很大，其中自交坐果率的变异系数(101.5%～139.1%)和广义遗传力(87.1%～91.4%)均较大，表明变异主要来自遗传效应，并且自交坐果率的遗传潜能大；有效花比率的广义遗传力最小(36.8%～49.1%)，表明其遗传效应较小；平均单果重的变异系数最小(24.0%～29.7%)，说明平均单果重的遗传潜能小；（3）凯特与泰安水杏正反交的杂种一代甜仁与苦仁的比例分别为18∶16和13∶12，经χ2检验符合1∶1的分离比例，证明控制凯特杏甜仁与苦仁这对性状的基因位点是杂合的。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。