遗传性状

Common buckwheat ( F. esculentum ) is an allogamy crop, which is heterogony. There is heterogeneity in the species. To reveal the genetic diversity within cultivar population, In order to explore the sampling strategy that can reveal genetic diversity of buckwheat resources on the molecular level. PCR with intron-splice junction primers and long random primers was employed to reveal the genetic diversity within nine common buckwheat varieties and one tartary buckwheat cultivar population among different individuals. We established the sampling strategy in its genetic diversity study. Then we used the established sampling strategy, and the same PCR markers technique,to analysis the genetic diversity of 86 common buckwheat resources, the main results are as follows

甜荞是花柱异长自交不亲和的异花授粉作物，品种内存在一定的异质性，为了准确揭示甜荞遗传资源的遗传多样性，本研究采用因子分析法对86份甜荞遗传资源农艺性状数据进行分析；采用长随机引物和内含子切接点引物的PCR分子标记技术，对9个甜荞品种和1个苦荞品种不同个体间的遗传多样性进行了分析，建立了甜荞资源遗传多样性研究的取样策略；并利用建立的取样策略，采用PCR标记技术，对这86份甜荞资源的遗传多样性进行了分析，取得如下主要结果

The results showed that the hereditary mode of rolling tongue or pointed tongue is the dominant heredity of single gene of autosome,and the positive type of them is the dominant character;Twisting tongue is the recessive heredity of single gene of autosome,while the positive type is the recessive character.

采用Penrose先证者同胞法和分离分析方法对72个家系资料的分析表明：卷舌、尖舌均为常染色体单基因显性遗传，阳性为显性性状；翻舌为常染色体单基因隐性遗传，阳性为隐性性状。

Genetic dissection of QTLs for yield traits were further conducted for the genomic regions harboring Pi25. It was found that two or more linked QTLs for yield traits were located in this region, and they had effects on each of the 6 yield traits studied. It remains unclear that the genetic drag between Pi25 and yield QTLs was solely resulted from unfavorable linkages, or partially ascribed to pleiotropism of Pi25.

应用2期2重复的小区产量性状鉴定试验，进一步剖析产量性状QTL，发现Pi25两侧区间影响所有6个产量性状，且该区间存在2个以上控制产量性状的不同基因座，但尚无法判定研究群体存在的遗传累赘是全部源于抗病基因与产量性状QTL的不利连锁，还是部分源于Pi25的一因多效。

The purpose of this study is to analyse the combining abilities and gene effects of quality and some agronomic characters in common wheat varieties "Jinan-17"ect. on a 5×5 diallel cross and estimate genetic parameters of each trait.

本文用5个亲本组配成的双列杂交设计分析了&济南17&等普通小麦品种品质性状和若干农艺性状的配合力、基因效应，估算了各性状的遗传参数，并探讨了品质性状和农艺性状之间的配合力的相关，结果表明：1。

This course systematically describes the structure and function, transmission, expression and regulation, and evolution of genetic materials, covering basis of cytology for inheritance, molecular basis of genetic materials, Mendel's principles of inheritance, linkage and sex linkage, genemutation, variations in chromosome structure and number, quantitative genetics, inbreeding and heterosis, inheritance of bacteria and viruses, extranuclear inheritance, gene engineering, genomics, gene expression and regulation, developmental genetics, population genetics and evolution.

本课程全面系统地介绍遗传物质的结构与功能、遗传物质的传递、遗传物质的表达与调控、遗传物质的进化等，包括遗传的细胞学基础、遗传物质的分子基础、孟德尔遗传、连锁遗传和性连锁、基因突变、染色体结构变异、染色体数目变异、数量性状的遗传、近亲繁殖和杂种优势、细菌和病毒的遗传、细胞质遗传、基因工程、基因组学、基因表达的调控、遗传与发育、群体遗传与进化。

There was great diversity index among genetic trait of 50 barley. The anomic trait used as tested materials was analyzed by cluster. Cluster analysis showed that 50 barley could be classified into 5 groups at the level of GD 3.28; The 50 barleys were analyzed by A-PAGE to study genetic diversity of hordein.

各农艺性状的遗传多样性指数都较大，具有丰富的遗传多样性；对供试材料的农艺性状进行聚类分析，50份大麦材料在遗传距离3.28时可被聚为5大类。

Genetic heredity experiments showed that the inheritance of the melanic characteristics was incomplete dominance and autosomal and followed the Mendalian law.

结果表明，SEM蛹黑化性状的遗传是不完全显性遗传，遵循孟德尔的不完全显性遗传规律，控制黑化性状的基因位于常染色体上，与性染色体无关。

The results showed for the first time that different maize inbreds may have different genetic patterns in resistance to Pythium inflatum Matthews.Some inbreds showed characteristics of quantitative inheritance,while some inbreds showed characteristics of qualitative inheritance.

首次证明：玉米对肿囊腐霉菌青枯病的遗传方式因自交系而异，有的自交系具数量性状遗传特点，有的则具质量性状遗传特点。

The variation types included having characters of both eggplant and tomato, having only characters of eggplant, having only characters of tomato and having new characters differing from the parents. The results indicated that graft union tissues could be regarded as source of genetic variation.

6探索了嫁接接合部组织再生植株的变异性，观察到具有番茄和茄子双亲多种性状组合的变异类型，包括具有茄子性状的芽、番茄性状的芽、兼有番茄和茄子双亲性状的芽以及不具有番茄和茄子双亲性状的芽，说明嫁接接合部组织可作为遗传变异的来源。

The experimental results showed that all characters accorded with the addi tiv e-dominant-epistatic model, the additive gene effect and dominant gene effect pl ayed an important role in most characters of 6 crosses, epistatic gene effects w ere significant in all crosses for the 6 investigated traits, additive generic g ene-effects were more important on the spikelets per panicle and spike lets density than its non-additive generic gene-effects (［h］+［j］+［l］), b ut the l atter were relatively more crucial on the days to heading and panicle length in the two tested lines.

结果表明：六个性状都符合加性-显性-上位性模型，加性效应对两个多小穗小麦品系各性状的遗传有重要作用，部分性状存在显著的显性效应，不同类型上位性效应对各性状有不同程度的影响；各性状之间各类基因效应平方和百分比差异较大，不同类型上位性基因效应平方和百分比大小因被测系、组合而异。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。