遗传性状

The results showed that:(1) we can mapping quantitative trait locus while estimating the variance component of QTL;(2) granddaughter design is better than daughter design when mapping QTL;(3) it is easy to map a QTL for trait with a high heriability and a large QTL variance contribution;(4) we can estimate the variance component of a QTL by TM-BLUP based on ML method whether the QTL has only 2 alleles or QTL has normal distributed alleles effects;(5) the estimation accuracy of variance component contributed by QTL was improved by using of grand daughter design;(6) the higher the heritability and the QTL variance contribution was, the more accurate estimation of QTL variance component.

结果表明：（1）采用随机QTL效应模型和最大似然法，在估计QTL方差组分的同时，能够定位QTL；（2）孙女设计与女儿设计相比，在其它因素相同时，容易检出QTL；（3）遗传力高，QTL方差贡献较大的性状，QTL检出的效果优于遗传力低，QTL方差贡献较小的性状；（4）无论QTL上有2个等位基因，还是QTL上等位基因的效应服从正态分布，都可将其看作随机效应，采用基于TM-BLUP的ML法，估计其方差组分和定位QTL；（5）QTL方差组分估计的准确性，孙女设计高于女儿设计；（6）遗传力高的性状，QTL方差贡献大的QTL，QTL方差组分估计的准确性高。

The application of the RFLP technique in the plant genetie and breeding were summarized in follwing six aspects: lThe construction of linkage genetic maps; 2The application of RFLP Linkage genetic maps in the graminaceous crops;.3Following the tracks and appraisal of the chromosome or.its fragment analyses of the systemtic development; 4The research of the quantitative trait inherit...

本文介绍了RFLP技术的原理及特点，并从六个方面综述了国内外RFLP技术在植物遗传育种中的应用：（1）连锁遗传图谱的构建；（2）RFLP连锁遗传因在禾本科植物中的应用，（3）跟踪、鉴定染色体或其片段、分析系统发育；（4）数量性状遗传的研究；（5）优良性状及抗性材料的筛选；（6）种质资源遗传多样性的研究。

Good root system are associated with crop drought avoidance. To investigate the genetic factors of adaptive and constitutive root morphological traits under different water conditions, a recombinant inbreed line population derived from a cross between a lowland rice variety IR1552 and an upland rice variety Azucena with 249 molecular markers was used in cylindrical pot experiments.

为了研究不同水分条件下组成型根系性状和适应性根系性状的遗传机制，本研究利用由IR1552／Azucena发展的重组自交系群体分析不同供水条件下水稻幼苗根长及根系其它性状的QTLs，同时对前人发表的具有同一亲本Azucena的遗传群体定位的根系性状相关QTLs进行比较分析。

And it also showed that the inheritance of the growth-rate and pathogenicity to cotton seedlings of XC-6 could not be inherited steadily in zoospore progenies and oospore progeny, but the colony morphology and homothallic character of XC-6 could inherited steadily in both asexual and sexual progenies, which suggested that the inheritance and variation of the above characters might be related to long-selfing and hybridization in species.

同时，XC-6生长速率、对棉苗的致病力、菌落形态及同宗配合遗传和变异特性研究表明，其生长速率和对棉苗的致病力性状在单游动孢子后代和自交后代均不能稳定遗传，但菌落形态和同宗配合特性在单游动孢子后代和自交后代均能稳定遗传，提示上述性状在单游动孢子后代和自交后代的遗传和变异特性可能与菌株长期自交和种内杂交有关。

The unconditional and conditional analyses of genetic models and the corresponding statistic methods, including endospermic, cytoplasmic, and maternal plant genetic systems, were used to analyze the genetic relationships between protein content and the appearance quality traits of indica rice (Oryza sativa L.).

应用包括胚乳、细胞质和母体植株基因的遗传主效应以及基因型×环境互作效应的数量性状遗传模型及非条件和条件分析方法，研究了籼稻稻米蛋白质含量与外观品质性状间的遗传相关性，进一步揭示了籼稻糙米重、稻米直链淀粉含量对稻米蛋白质含量与外观品质性状间遗传相关性的影响。

Result The ordinary broad sense heritability rates of various traits were at extremely significant level, specially, that of bell weight, lint percentage, top stem thickness were more than 50% and that of the ginned cotton output per plant, bells per plant, plant height, stem thickness of cotyledon node were lower. The ordinary narrow sense heritability of the ginned cotton output per plant and bells per plant were 24% and 25% resp. and that of bell weight and lint percentage etc. were lower or zero.

结果］各性状的普通广义遗传率均达极显著水平，特别是铃重、衣分、顶部茎粗的普通广义遗传率达50%以上，单株皮棉产量、单株铃数、株高、子叶节茎粗普通广义遗传率较低，单株皮棉产量和单株铃数的普通狭义遗传力分别为24%和25%，铃重、衣分等性状的普通狭义遗传力较低或为0。

The genetic behavior of these QTLs were investigated accordingto the performance of backcrosses.

5对以IR24为遗传背景的一套籼型渗入系进行了三地两年的详细考察，初步确认了各渗入系中所携带的渗入片段对抽穗期、株高、穗数、实粒数、总粒数、千粒重、单株重和结实率等性状的影响，并初步定位了11个重要农艺性状和产量性状QTLs，估算了这些QTLs的遗传效应，并在回交和测交中进一步确定了这些QTLs的遗传行为，讨论了渗入系在QTL精细定位与杂种优势机理研究中的应用。

Path analysis of nine traits, which were highly correlated with tree volume, showed that the direct contribution of DBH and height on the variations of tree volume took up about 63% of the total variations. On the other hand, those traits, such as tree crown and wall/lumina, affected the volume strongly by indirect way of the genetic correlation with DBH and height.

通过对与材积性状紧密相关的胸径等9个性状的通径分析发现，胸径和树高两个性状对单木材积的直接作用占材积总变异的63％，其余性状的直接控制作用很小；冠幅、壁腔比等性状通过胸径对单木材积具有很大的间接遗传控制作用，这种控制是通过与胸径、树高的遗传相关实现的。

Molecular maker linkage map was construct with DH population derived from "Nong xi110×Nong xi531",and investigated the traits of 83 DH lines then quantitative trait loci associated traits related plant height were identified and analyzed,and discussed the molecular genetic mechanism, and offerred theory and referrence for improving the traits of plant height constitution.

本研究利用SSR标记构建基于组合&农系110×农系531&的分子标记连锁图谱，并对该组合的83个DH株系进行田间调查，分析控制玉米株型性状QTL位点与遗传效应，探索玉米株高构成性状的分子遗传机制，为玉米株高构成性状的遗传改良提供理论和参考。

But significant differences were found in coefficient of variation and broad-sense heritability (H2) of the three characters: CV and H2 of self-pollinated fruiting rate were both greatest, with the variation mainly resulted from inheritance, and high inheritance potential; H2 of fertile flower rate was the least and its variation was less from inheritance; CV of average fruit weight was the least and its inheritance potential is small. Thirdly, the ratios of sweet to bitter kernel of F1 progenies in positive and reverse crosses between Katy and Taianshuixing were 18∶16 and 13∶12, and were both in agreement with a 1∶1 segregation by χ2 test, which demonstrated that the bitter kernel character of Katy was heterozygous.

但3个性状的变异系数和广义遗传力(H2)均差异很大，其中自交坐果率的变异系数(101.5%～139.1%)和广义遗传力(87.1%～91.4%)均较大，表明变异主要来自遗传效应，并且自交坐果率的遗传潜能大；有效花比率的广义遗传力最小(36.8%～49.1%)，表明其遗传效应较小；平均单果重的变异系数最小(24.0%～29.7%)，说明平均单果重的遗传潜能小；（3）凯特与泰安水杏正反交的杂种一代甜仁与苦仁的比例分别为18∶16和13∶12，经χ2检验符合1∶1的分离比例，证明控制凯特杏甜仁与苦仁这对性状的基因位点是杂合的。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。