遗传性状

The effect of QTL mapping was influenced by many factors including population structure and size, number of QTLs, density of genetic markers, heritability of traits etc., especially the genetic and statistic models, so it is essential to select appropriate method according to actual situations before mapping QTLs. In this study, backcross population for QTL mapping was constructed by computer simulation in order to study power of detection and mapping precision of QTLs at different levels of factors.

影响QTL 定位效果的因素很多，包括群体类型、规模、涉及的QTL 数目、遗传标记的密度、性状遗传力等等，特别是分析中使用的遗传和统计模型对QTL 检测和定位有较大的影响。

We can infer through analysing the inheritance of some characters of chrysanthemum that the expression of flower color of hybrids somewhat trended to that of female parents,plant height was of definite heredity advantage,the expression of flower diameter and flower doubleness had a declined Irendency.

通过对菊花若干性状的遗传分析可知，菊花花色具有偏母性遗传的倾向，株高具有一定的遗传优势，花径和重瓣性具有趋小性退化的趋势。

Results indicated that bar gene was integrated into wheat genome of T1 and T2 ,and bar gene expressed stably. Separation of bar gene in T1 and T2 complied with Mendel's law. Agronomic traits of yields and quality have no notable differences between bar-transgenic wheat and controls.

证实抗除草剂bar基因已经整合到小麦基因组中，并能稳定表达；遗传分析显示bar基因能稳定的遗传给后代，符合孟德尔遗传规律；在产量及品质等主要农艺性状方面，转bar基因小麦与对照相比无显著差异。

As investigated, the shape of the fruit was mainly rotundity, and the color of the fruit were red, black, yellow, mauve. Variation coefficient of mineral elements, which revealed wider variation range and rich genetic diversity. Among them, Fe, the content and the variation coefficient of which was the highest(2.12 mg·100g-1 and 26.99％), it has large potential for futher selection. Ripe fruit of 12 wild myrobalan plum seedlings were analyzed using head space-solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed considerable genetic variations in these aspects: The total content of volatile components, the classes and contents of each compounds classes, the segregation ratio, and content of main components. There were 83 compounds in total belonging to 6 classes detected in 12 wild myrobalan plum seedlings, including esters, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, heterocycle and Hydrocarbons. Among them, Formic acid, hexyl ester, the content of which was the highest(4.33 μg·g-1),was important character impact odors.

结果表明，①新疆野生樱桃李实生株系的果实形状主要为圆形，少数为椭圆形、卵圆形、卵形和宽卵形，果实颜色有黄色、红色、紫红色和黑色等4种类型，野生樱桃李果实纵径、横径、单果重、果形指数以及可溶性固形物含量均存在一定程度的变异，遗传多样性较为丰富，其中以单果重的变异系数最大(9.13 %)；②新疆野生樱桃李实生株系果肉组织的Zn、Ca、Mg、Mn、Fe及Cu等6种矿质元素含量变异丰富，其中以Fe元素的含量（平均值为2.12 mg·100g-1）和变异系数（26.99％）最高，进一步筛选高铁性状单株的潜力很大；③从新疆野生樱桃李12个实生株系中共鉴定出醇类、醛类、酯类、酮类、烃类及杂环类等6类83种挥发性化合物，各实生株系挥发性化合物总含量、挥发性化合物种类及其含量以及主要挥发性化合物分离比率与含量等存在广泛的遗传变异，遗传多样性较为丰富，其中以甲酸己酯含量最高（平均值为4.33 μg·g-1），是野生樱桃李果实香气形成的重要特征性化合物。

The genetic analysis was carried out for 8 characters on 9 energy cane parents and their 20 combination crosses with the NCII mating design. The results showed that the inheritance of stalk biomass, brix weight, available stalk numbers and weight per stalk was subject to both additive gene effect and non-additive genes effect, but mainly controlled by non-additive genes. The inheritance of plant height, stalk diameter and brix was subject to both additive gene effect. The broad sense heritability (HB2) of stalk biomass and brix was over 50%, and those of brix weight were 33.7% at the seedling stage 54.4% at its ratooning stage, respectively , which means that the selection would be done better at the early stage in the sugarcane breeding program.

利用遗传交配设计对能源甘蔗9个亲本组配的20个组合、8个性状进行遗传分析，结果表明：地上部鲜重、锤重、丛有效茎数和丛重的遗传既受基因的加性效应也受基因的非加性效应所控制，但以非加性效应为主；株高、茎径和锤度的遗传主要是受基因的加性效应控制，地上部鲜重和锤度实生苗新植和宿根的H_B~2都在50％以上，而锤重的H_B~2分别为33.7％和54.4％，而且锤重和地上部鲜重母本gca方差都大于父本gca方差，说明能源甘蔗育种中母本选择的重要性。

This paper studies major genes of body weight, height at withers, body length, heart girth, milk crop, and milk fat percentage on yak. The results show body weight, height at withers, milk crop, milk fat percentage have effects and roles of major genes.

但近年来的理论研究结果表明，在许多数量性状的遗传变异中，既有众多微效基因的作用，也有主基因的作用，即这些性状应属于微效多基因和主基因共同控制的混合性状[1] 。

Based on Bayesian statistics and quantitative genetic model of triploid endosperm traits, we proposed a Bayesian method for mapping QTL underlying endosperm traits, which used the DNA molecular marker genotypes of each plant in segregation population and the single endosperm observation of a few endosperms of each plant as data set to analyze endosperm QTL.

将贝叶斯统计原理和胚乳性状的数量遗传模型相结合，以分离群体中各植株的分子标记基因型以及植株上若干粒种子胚乳性状的单粒观测值为数据模式，提出胚乳性状QTL区间作图的贝叶斯方法。

This present paper is to probe into the biochemical genetic background, economic and ecological characters, and basic components of 901 and general kelps.

本文对&901&海带进行了生化遗传学鉴定，确定了其遗传背景；对&901&海带和生产品种普通海带进行了等经济性状、等生态性状和基本成分含量的比较研究，从而确定了&901&海带推广生产的价值，并根据其性状特点提出了相应的养殖技术措施。

A dwarf mutation 99CDAM with plant height about 85 cm was discovered from a Brassica napus line which had selfed for many years. 99CDAM has good characters of early flowering and rich branches, as well as better yield and quality traits, which can be inherited stably, so 99CDAM has important value in Brassica napus breeding.

在甘蓝型油菜自交多代品系中发现了一个株高85cm左右的矮秆突变株99CDAM，该突变株具有开花早、分枝多等优良特性，产量性状和品质性状较好，各性状都能稳定遗传，具有重要的育种价值。

The results were as follows: Firstly, the S-locus of Katy was heterozygous, and self-compatibility was dominant to self-incompatibility. Secondly, a very extensive segregation in self-pollinated fruiting rate, fertile flower rate and average fruit weight was observed in the F1 populations, and averages of these traits were lower than that of mid-parent means. Therefore, these traits were confirmed to be quantitative.

结果表明，（1）凯特杏的S基因位点为杂合型，自交亲和对自交不亲和为显性遗传；（2）3个杂交组合的自交坐果率、有效花比率及平均单果重等性状在F1中广泛分离，杂种群体的平均值低于亲中值，表现明显的衰退现象，表明这3个性状均为数量性状。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。