遗传影响

In the estimation of heritability, various non-genetic factors must be excluded from the variance of sire or dam.

在遗传力的估计过程中，需将多种非遗传因素的影响从公畜间方差或者母畜间方差中剔除。

Genetic effects include inheritable changes resulting from mutations in reproductive cells.

遗传的影响包括再生细胞变异引起的遗传变化。

In view of the existing situation that forest tree heritabilities is estimated too extensively, the paper elaborated the effect of non normal distributions (citing the normal logarithmic distribution and Γ distribution as instances) on estimating heritabilities with simulated data.

针对林木遗传力估算过于粗放的情况，该文以对数正态分布和Γ-分布为例，应用模拟数据阐述了非正态分布对林木遗传力估算的影响。

The influence of some rnodified genetic algorithms on searchspeed is also examined. Some genetic operations suitable to the optimization technique areobtained, therefore, a novel way of solving a class of optimizations of functions that cannot be realized using the method of steepest descent is proposed.

文中还分析了一些改进的遗传算法对于该问题搜索速度的影响，得到了适于解决此问题的合理的遗传操作，从而为有效地解决最速下降法所不能实现的某一类函数代化问题提供了一种新的途径。

Genetic Algorithm based methods can get rid of the problem of local optima, but they are not very effective to refine an existent good solution.

基于遗传算法的训练方法能够摆脱陷入局部最优的困扰，但遗传算法的局部搜索能力不够，从而影响网络的训练效果。

The major gene heritability and polygene heritability were 64.17% and 14.76% respectively, which showed major genes played major role in seed setting rate.

在主基因作用的效应中，加性效应和显性效应各占主基因效应的50％；主基因的遗传率较高，分别为56.97％和44.26％；多基因的遗传率很低，分别为1.24％和3.05％；环境对结实率的影响显著，其方差占总表型方差的43.07％和52.99％。

In this review, the evidence of association between poly-morphisms of PRNP and resistance or susceptibility to scrapie and its effects on reproduction and performance traits were focused. The aim is to provide theory guidance for sheep breeding resistant to disease.

文章主要介绍了绵羊PRNP遗传多样性与痒病抗病性的关系以及PRNP遗传多样性对繁殖力和其他主要生产性能的影响等方面的研究成果，旨在为绵羊抗病育种研究提供理论参考。

Reproduction is a key process, which highly influences the economic efficiency of pig production. Traditional quantitative genetics plays a very important role in animal breeding. Selection for increased number of piglets born has been employed in pigs with only limited success because of the low heritability, the late expression in life and the sex-limited nature of reproductive traits.

中文题名猪ESR和FSH-β位点对猪繁殖性状的调控及其调控机理的研究副题名外文题名 Regulations of reproductive traits by ESR and FSH-β loci and the mechanisms involved 论文作者李凤娥导师熊远著院士学科专业动物遗传育种与繁殖研究领域\研究方向猪的分子遗传育种学位级别博士学位授予单位华中农业大学学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数115页关键词猪繁殖性状馆藏号BSLW /2003 /S828 /2 繁殖是养猪生产过程中的关键一环，该环节成功与否直接影响整个养猪业的经济效益。

The results above showed:(1) The cultivars of large-flowered chrysanthemum are widely distributed in Beijing area with plentiful floral types and floral colors;(2) The cultivars with the rare types and colors are urgent for protection;(3) Most of the quantitative characters obeys to the normal distribution,some important traits agreed with skewed distribution.The probability grading can assist quantitative character in establishing new grading standards;(4) Most of qualitative characters is asymmetrical in cultivars,which might be caused by unbalanced differentiation of characters or linkages coming from emphasis characters selection;(5) The floral characters are relatively stable and have comparably large influence on classification,the characters of stipule also have a certain degree of stability and can act as an reasonable supplement for cultivars classification,but the foliar characters have worse stability and can only be recognized as lower level criterion.(6) The genetic relationship among the Flat-petaled group,the Quilled-petal group and the Spoon-petaled group are closest,which followed by the Filiform-petal group because of long-term selection pressure for the specialization of the petal tip loved by most people.The Anemone-petal group has further genetic relationship with these four groups.(7) ISSR molecular marker detection indicates that the proportion of polymorphic loci of lardge-flowered chrysanthemum is higher,in which the Flat-petaled group has the highest genetic diversity level.

综合以上的研究结果表明：(1)北京地区现有大量大菊品种，且花型与花色较为丰富；(2)珍稀花型、花色品种亟需保护；(3)大部分数量性状是符合正态分布的，少数重点观赏性状迫于选择压力呈现偏态分布，概率分级法能够辅助大菊的数量性状建立新的分级标准；(4)大部分质量性状在品种群内的分布是不均匀的，可能是由菊花性状遗传分化的不均衡性或受到选育重点性状的连锁作用而造成的；(5)大菊花部性状相对稳定，对品种分类影响较大，其托叶部分也具有一定程度的稳定性，可以作为品种分类的合理补充，而叶部性状稳定性较差，在品种分类中应作为更次一级的分类依据；(6)平瓣类、管瓣类和匙瓣类的亲缘关系最近，畸瓣类品种花瓣先端特化受到人们的喜爱，长期的选择压力使其区别于3种基本瓣型，而这四种瓣型与桂瓣类在亲缘关系上较远；(7)ISSR分子标记检测表明：大菊品种多态性位点百分率较高，平瓣类品种的遗传分化最为丰富。

Elegans. In the above experiments we also excluded defects in locomotion and thermotaxis test of 3 mutants coursed interfering on results. Next we tried to investigate the genetic pathway between tph-1, bas-1, daf-2 and foregone genes related to C.

之后将进一步确定所鉴定的基因与已知的影响线虫记忆行为的一些基因之间的遗传关系，发现试验中鉴定的基因与glr-1、dgk-3、eat-4之间存在不同程度的遗传关系，具体来讲，tph-1作为glr-1的上游调节子发挥作用，而位于dgk-3的下游。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。