遗传影响

Using this scheme, we successfully produced a triple recessive line for genes ch, nlw (non-lepis wing) and b-t on the 13th linkage group and a double recessive line for genes nb and ki-2 (kidney-shaped egg 2) on the 19th linkage group of Bombyx mori.

采用所设计的方案，成功培育了家蚕第13连锁群的赤蚁、无鳞毛翅和褐色卵t (b-t，母性影响遗传)的三隐性系统，并培育了第19连锁群的狭胸和第二肾形卵(ki-2，母性影响遗传，待定位突变基因)的双隐性系统。

On this basis, according to historical data, apply ANN and differential simulation method to get the quantitatively correlative relations between each production and its own influence factors, and introduce the new methods of prediction for dynamic indexes with gas-field development (The combinatorial prediction method based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the method of ANN to select optimally combinatorial prediction models and the ANN prediction method based on genetic algorithm).(2) Base on mathematical programming, combine with quantitative economics and techno-economics, introduce economical indexes to establish production"s distribution optimal model, production"s constitution optimal model and measured production"s constitution optimal model, including multi-objective models and five-years models. Upon this, the optimal project for all gas field and each gas-collected factory can be got. Also, introduce the time value of capitals to improve on these models.(3) Base on the optimal solution theory and algorithm theory for the nonlinear programming problem, introduce the SUMT algorithm and genetic algorithm to study how to solve the models, and on the basis of normal genetic algorithm, make use of auto-adaptively modulating method to improve on normal genetic algorithm; Base on algorithm"s convergence theory and calculation"s complexity theory to analyze seriatim SUMT algorithm"s convergence and genetic algorithms convergence, and compare performance with each other.

在此基础上，利用神经网络方法和微分模拟方法根据历史数据得到各分项产量与其影响因素之间的定量关联关系，并引入气田开发动态指标新的预测方法(基于模糊综合评判的组合预测方法、神经网络优选组合预测模型预测方法以及基于遗传优化的神经网络预测方法)；(2)以数学规划为基础，结合数量经济学和技术经济学，引入经济指标建立产量分配优化模型、产量构成优化模型、措施产量构成优化模型、气田开发多目标规划模型以及五年规划模型，进而获得全气田及各采气厂的最优方案，并引入资金时间价值对五年规划模型进行改进；(3)以非线性规划问题的最优解及算法理论为基础，引入SUMT算法以及遗传算法对模型的求解进行研究，并在原有的遗传算法基础上，引入自适应调整方法对遗传算法进行改进；以算法的收敛性理论和计算复杂性理论为基础，逐一分析SUMT算法以及遗传算法的收敛性，并比较三种算法的优劣性。

The bone amount of the juvenile during the adolescency is affected by both genetics and environment factors,and genetics decides peak bone mount at 60% to 80%,although the results from genetic researches have not agree with each other.Environment factors also have a great effect on the development of the bone amount,such as the calcium intake,physical exercises,physical constitution and height,sex hormone level and so on.

青春期少年骨量受遗传和环境因素的共同影响，人体60%～80%的峰值骨量由基因即遗传因素所决定，目前大多数基因研究结果尚不一致；环境因素对骨量的影响因素也非常多，其中以钙摄入量、体育锻炼、体质量和身高、性激素水平的影响因素最大。

Genetic cluster analysis is similar based on the results of morphological and DNA markers, the five populations could be divided into three groups. But there are different groups sort of individual locations, reflecting the similarities and difference about the analysis of the relationship between population with the two kinds of markers, It could be concluded that there was coupling and relevance to some extent in evaluating genetic diversity with the same experiment sampling by morphological and SSR marker variation. However, there was also differences. In research, the two can complement each other.8. Identification of Genetic Relationship of Amygdalus plants by SSRThe genetic relationship among 55 Amygdalus plants collections, belonging to 6 species and collected from both homeland and abroad were identified via SSR molecular marker technique.

新疆野扁桃遗传多样性不同研究分析方法结果的比较与评价表型与DNA二种水平的遗传标记方法揭示的遗传多样性水平有差异，表型性状比DNA分子标记具有更大的变异性；其受到环境的影响较大，也即对环境更敏感。2种水平的遗传标记聚类结果将野扁桃5个不同分布群体均可分为3个大类群，但是出现有个别不同的群体排序位置，反映了2种标记在分析种群间关系上的异同性，从本研究结果来看，说明表型与DNA标记有一定的耦合性和相关性，但也存在差异，在研究上可以互为补充。8。

Objective To explore the change of serum estradiol (E2) and testosterone concentrations throughout the puberty of girls and estimate the effects of genetic and environmental factors on serum E2 and T concentrations.Methods study population consisted of 180 pairs of twin girls aged 6 to 18 of whom.132 pairs monozygotic twins and 48 pairs dizygotic twins,who were all from Qingdao city of Shandong province.

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The unconditional and conditional analyses of genetic models and the corresponding statistic methods, including endospermic, cytoplasmic, and maternal plant genetic systems, were used to analyze the genetic relationships between protein content and the appearance quality traits of indica rice (Oryza sativa L.).

应用包括胚乳、细胞质和母体植株基因的遗传主效应以及基因型×环境互作效应的数量性状遗传模型及非条件和条件分析方法，研究了籼稻稻米蛋白质含量与外观品质性状间的遗传相关性，进一步揭示了籼稻糙米重、稻米直链淀粉含量对稻米蛋白质含量与外观品质性状间遗传相关性的影响。

The medium level of overall genetic diversity and medium Fixation Index (Fst=0.193) indicated that the Oncorhynchus mykis reared in Gansu had relatively medium genetic variation.

综合分析，认为甘肃金鳟遗传性状基本稳定，遗传变异度较高，遗传多样性相对丰富，具有较大的遗传潜力，与道氏虹鳟和日本金鳟群体间分化明显，人工选育对群体的遗传变异产生了一定的影响。

The project implemented a systemic investigation to the pupa period of wild silkworm comparatively, which from Shanxi, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou provinces and so on. According to the investigation, the pupa dormant characteristic of Shaanxi wild silkworm was found, and the individual, which pupa period was more than two months was selected. Through the hybrid genetic analysis we found that the characteristics for a long period of pupa was controlled by polygene and genetic recessively and strongly influenced by environmental conditions at the same time. To compare the performance of pupa period of the pupa dormant wild mulberry silkworm, we designed different ecological conditions. The result indicating that the temperature is the main factor in the ecological impact, but the pupa period was extended at the same temperature conditions, indicating that the additive effects of the environmental factors.

本项目实施，系统调查比较了陕西、江苏、四川、重庆、贵州等省市的野桑蚕的蛹期经过，发现了陕西野桑蚕的蛹休眠特性，筛选获得了长达2个月以上的蛹期经过个体；通过杂交遗传分析，发现长蛹期特性表现为隐性遗传，受多基因控制，同时受环境条件的强烈影响作用；通过设计不同生态条件比较蛹休眠性野桑蚕蛹期经过的表现，表明温度是主要的生态影响因子，但相同温度的野外型条件下蛹期经过延长，表明受到环境因素的综合作用。

The effects of phenolic acid compounds in vegetables and fruits on metabolicactivation of BaP in rats,as well as 〓 and TCA induced lipid peroxidation inmouse and Salmonella typhimurium TA104 cells were investigated using DNAadducts as a biomarker to assess DNA damage induced by xenobiotic carcinogens.BaP was used to study the genotoxic carcinogenesis,while 〓 and TCA were usedto study the non-genotoxic carcinogenesis.The possible protection mechanisms ofphenolic acid compounds on DNA damage were studied.

本研究根据化学致癌过程的遗传毒性和非遗传毒性机理，以DNA加合物作为机体接触外来化学物而导致DNA损伤的生物学标志物，通过观察酚酸类化合物对大鼠体内BaP活化代谢以及〓和TCA诱导小鼠肝微粒体脂质过氧化的影响，及酚酸类化合物对BaP和TCA诱导的沙门氏菌TA100和TA104形成DNA加合物的影响，探讨蔬菜、水果中酚酸类化合物对外来化学物诱导的DNA损伤的保护机制。

Our results indicated that tansgene should not increase the risk of pollen-mediated escape and damage the genetic divergy, based on transgenic rice. A new fast method of risk assessement for genetic divergy was proposed. Our studies also indicated that a wide coverage of wind-dispersed pollen of Bt-transgenic rice has potential risk to sericulture in the mulberry-rice mixed cropping area of southern China.

本研究结果初步表明，转基因并不会引起水稻导入基因通过花粉漂流杂交逃逸的风险，对水稻遗传多样性不会造成影响；提出了一种快速评估转基因对遗传多样性影响程度的新方法；对转基因花粉可能对我国南方桑稻混种区养蚕业的影响研究表明，抗虫等转基因水稻在这些地区商业化生产可能会对养蚕业造成危害，需要进一步开展评估研究。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。