遗传学的

"Prophylactic oophorectomy should not be recommended to women with a high risk of breast cancer who do not have documented mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2, since these cases may be linked to mutations in unidentified genes that do not increase the risk of ovarian cancer," he writes."The effectiveness of prophylactic oophorectomy in carriers of BRCA mutations provides a strong rationale for genetic testing in women with a strong family history of cancer."

不应该对乳腺癌发生危险较高，但没有明确的BRCA1或者BRCA2突变的女性，推荐进行预防性卵巢切除术，因为这些情况也许与未知的，与卵巢癌的发生无关的基因突变有关，」他写道：「对於BRCA突变体携带者进行预防性卵巢切除术，为有很强的肿瘤家族史的女性，进行遗传学检查，提供了强有力的依据。

The journal publishes reviews covers the whole field of the biology and biochemistry of cancer, emphasizing oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, growth-related cell cycle control signalling, carcinogenesis mechanisms, cell transformation, immunologic control mechanisms, genetics of human cancer, control of cell proliferation, genetic and molecular control of organismic development, rational anti-tumor drug design.

该杂志主要发表有关肿瘤生物学和生物化学的综述。其内容包括：致癌基因和肿瘤抑制基因，与生长有关的细胞周期控制的信号转导，致癌机理，细胞转化，免疫控制机理，人类癌症遗传学，细胞增殖的控制，组织发育的遗传和分子控制，合理的抗肿瘤药物设计等。

Domenstic and abroad academicians have disclosed the influence mechanism of these factors from different aspects, including the gene polymorphism and gene mutation in genetics, which are a susceptible factor for cardiovascular complication in type 2 diabetes patients; the dysfunction of endotheliocyte, the metabolic disorder of lipid, and dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle, which can lead to the formation of arteriosclerosis;the formation of immune complex,which can also accelerate the destruction of artery paries;the sctivation of protein kinase C and the dysfunction of platelet, which may ultimately result in the formation of thrombus and influence the function of cadiac muscle cells.

其中主要包括：遗传学方面的基因多态性和基因突变，二者均是2型糖尿病合并心血管疾病的一个易感因素，内皮细胞功能障碍、脂质代谢异常及血管平滑肌细胞功能异常均可导致动脉粥样硬化的形成；免疫复合物的形成可加速动脉壁的破坏；蛋白激酶C的激活及血小板功能受损最终导致血栓形成并影响心肌细胞的功能。

We review the differential diagnosis of cerebellar ataxia with vision loss secondary to retinal pigmentary dystrophy. This paper supports concept of a desirable clinical diagnosis to avoid multiple genetic or invasive testing in children with neurodegenerative disorders.

回顾分析伴有继发于视网膜色素营养不良的视力丧失的SCA的鉴别诊断，然后在此提议应有一个理想的临床诊断的概念，以避免对患有神经退行性病的儿童进行多种遗传学或侵入性的检查。

Of human cancers in our country, yet little is known about the molecular changes in this often disfiguring and fatal disease. The disease is characterized by a relatively poor prognosis and the treatment is generally followed by severe dysfunction. Few protooncogenes and tumor suppresser genes have been found to be altered in laryngeal carcinoma.

与其他肿瘤一样，喉癌细胞的染色体也存在数目异常和结构畸变，而几个特定的染色体区段不同长度的缺失是喉癌染色体结构畸变较突出的特征，这为在分子遗传学水平揭示喉癌的发生机制提供了充分的理论依据。

Lizards is a major group of reptiles, which plays an important role in the evolution of the vertebrates. Studies on their evolution, especially the molecular and cytogenetical evolution, is of great significance to reveal the evolutionary history of reptiles and futherly that of all the vertebrates.

蜥蜴类是爬行动物的一个主要类群，在整个脊椎动物的进化中有承前启后的重要作用，对其进化的研究，尤其是分子和细胞遗传学进化的研究，对了解爬行类乃至于整个脊椎动物的进化史具有重要的理论意义。

To determine the true rate of aneuploidy and to elucidate the mechanism of aneuploidy,the sperms were decondensed for FISH analysis. It was found that the disomic frequencies of chromosome X was 0.208%. A new decondensation method was developed by trypsin treatment. The basic morphology of sperm was maintained.

为了解非整倍体的真实发生率及其发生机制，本文以X染色体α卫星DNA探针进一步检测出正常精子中X染色体的二体型频率为0.208％，同时，建立了一种保持精子基本形态的胰酶去凝聚的方法，为目前国内尚未开展的精子遗传物质结构的分子细胞遗传学研究，提供了新的手段。

The hypermethylation of 5 CpG in promoter region serves as a mechanism of the inactivation of RASSF1A gene. This mechanism has been widely confirmed in multiple tumorgenesis including prostate carcinoma cell line DU145. Object Our study is to disclose the epigenic mechanism of the carcinogenesis of prostate cancer. Including: 1. We use demethylation agents in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs, to disclose whether demethylation agents can enhance the anticancer effect of chemotherapeutic drugs. 2. to study whether demethylation drugs can affect the methylation level of RASSF1A gene in.

目的 本研究旨在探讨前列腺癌的表遗传学发生发展机制，包括： 1、甲基化抑制剂与多种化疗药物联合应用，探讨二者间的协同作用，增强化疗药物疗效； 2、体外应用甲基化抑制剂对前列腺癌细胞DU145的RASSF1A基因甲基化水平的影响； 3、体外应用甲基化抑制剂对前列腺癌细胞DU145的RASSF1A基因及蛋白表达的影响，以期为进一步深入探索通过改变抑癌基因的甲基化而为前列腺癌发生机制和基因治疗提供有意义的数据和理论依据。

To inquire into association between susceptibility to AIDP, AMAN and frequencies of HLA alleles and possible differencies in distribution of HLA alleles betwen AIDP and AMAN by genomic typing for HLA-class Ⅰ, class Ⅱ alleles, and to try to found out the effects of self intrinsic fators of GBS patients on occurence of two subtype from immunogenetic angle.

通过对AIDP和AMAN两种GBS亚型的HLA-Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类等位基因的分型，探讨两种亚型的易感性与HLA等位基因分型的关系以及两种亚型在HLA等位基因分布上可能存在的差异，从免疫遗传学角度寻找自身内在因素在GBS不同亚型发病中的可能作用。

According to the successful experiences on transgenic animal production and animal cloning, gene targeting could be utilized in many fields including theory and application research on genomic modification (such as site-specific gene repair, genetic defect therapy, gene knockout, infaust gene modification, even the site-specific integration), improving expression level of specific gene in animal mammary gland bioreactors, and promoting the industrialization of transgenic animal production.

结合现有转基因动物和动物克隆技术方面的经验，利用基因打靶技术，开展动物基因组修饰的理论和应用研究，即可定点进行基因修复、治疗遗传缺陷、基因敲除失活不利基因，还可最终解决动物乳腺反应器存在的随机整合率高而表达率较低的问题，实现定点整合及乳腺特异表达，为转基因动物的产业化生产创造条件，代表了当今动物遗传学发展的主流方向。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。