遗传学的

In the mouse,genetic studies show that the MC1R appears to be a unique,bifunctionally controlled receptor,activated by α–MSH and antagonized by agouti,both of which contribute to the variability seen in mammalian coat color.

MC1R基因的变异与动物的皮毛、人的皮肤和头发颜色差异密切相关。对小鼠的遗传学研究显示，MC1R是独特的、双功能控制受体。

Blood samples from 23 Huacaya alpacas ,3 males and 20 females ,were used to study chromosome karyotype ,so as to provide some effective cytogenetics basis for the selectioiymprovement by crossing and disease diagnosis of alpacas ,and genetic mechanisms of sex determination. Peripheral blood lymphocyte culture was used to prepare chromosome. Methods of trypsase-EDTA and BSG (Barium hydroxide / Saline / Giemsa)were used for G-banding and C-banding respectively . The results showed as follows:Firstly , the number of diploid chromosomes was in the alpacas 2n=74,with the karyotype 74, XY and 74, XX for males and females respectively.

为了从选种、杂交改良、疾病诊断以及性别决定的遗传机制等方面为羊驼的繁育与推广提供更为有效的细胞遗传学资料，本试验采用外周血淋巴细胞培养法制备染色体，分析了23只胡阿基亚型羊驼(Huacaya alpaca，雌20只，雄3只)的染色体及其核型，并通过BSG法(Barium hydroxide／Saline／Giemsa，氢氧化钡-盐溶液-吉姆萨，也即Sumner BSG法)与胰酶-EDTA法分别对羊驼的C-分带和G-分带进行分析，结果表明：(1)羊驼二倍体染色体数目为2n=74，雄性羊驼核型为74，XY；雌性羊驼核型为74，XX。

It presents data on infections, trauma, mesial temporal sclerosis, cerebral dysgenesis, brain tumors, vascular lesions, stroke, as well as genetic, metabolic and toxic causes of epilepsy.

它关于传染病提出数据，创伤，中间的暂时的硬化，脑dysgenesis，大脑瘤，血管的损害，中风，和癫痫的遗传学，代谢和有毒的原因。

A wide range of topics are covered,including fundamental research on animal immune systems; new techniques and developments in veterinary immunodiagnosis; immunogenetics; immunology and immunopathology of parasitic and infectious disease; and clinical immunology in animals.

该期刊覆盖的主题包括：动物免疫系统的基本研究；兽医免疫诊断的新技术和发展；免疫遗传学；寄生生物引起的疾病和传染病的免疫学和免疫病理学等。

To establish a series of monoclonal antibodies for specific gene products of H-2 complex will not only provide probes for the research on gene constitution of H-2 complex, but also will provide effective genetic quality control measures for the international standardization of laboratory animals in China. It also can offer essential conditions for sophisticated research works in life science field, such as immunogenetics, organ transplantation, etc.

建立一系列H-2特异性基因产物的单克隆抗体，能为研究实验小鼠H-2复合体基因组成提供探针，为我国实验动物的国际标准化提供有效的遗传质量控制手段，也能为免疫遗传学、器官移植等生命科学领域内的尖端研究提供实验室工作方面的重要条件。

The surgery group also showed a 60 percent lower death rate from cancer and a 92 percent lower death from diabetes than the non-surgery group, according to Ted D. Adams, Ph.D., M.P.H., the study's lead author, Adams is a professor in the Division of Cardiovascular Genetics at the University of Utah School of Medicine and co-founder of the Intermountain Health and Fitness Institute at LDS Hospital in Salt Lake City.

手术组还显示， 60 ％的低死亡率，从癌症和92 ％低死亡糖尿病比非手术组，根据特德四亚当斯，博士英里每小时，这项研究报告的主要作者，亚当斯是一个教授在科心血管遗传学在犹他州大学医学院的联合创始人的intermountain健康和健身研究所的lds医院在盐湖城。

Our review focuses on the genetic, biochemical and ecological aspects of the anthocyanin pathway in Ipomoea, to provide some background information on the natural variation of floral color from multi-disciplinary angles.

本文着重介绍旋花科番薯属花青素代谢途径的分子遗传学、生物化学和生态学工作，试图从多学科的角度提供有关花色自然变异的知识背景，并指出未解决的生物学问题和预期今后可能出现的发展。

Our review focuses on the genetic, biochemical and ecological aspects of the anthocyanin pathway in Ipomoea, to provide some background information on the natural variation of floral color from multi-disciplinary angles. We also discussed unsolved issues and possible future developments.

本文着重介绍旋花科番薯属花青素代谢途径的分子遗传学、生物化学和生态学工作，试图从多学科的角度提供有关花色自然变异的知识背景，并指出未解决的生物学问题和预期今后可能出现的发展。

The omnifarious factors limited the prevalence of Lysenkoism in China, such as the execution of "double hundred" guideline, the convened Qingdao congress, the Chinese traditional cultures, for example, the complements of Confucianism with Taoism and the ideas of harmony without sameness, and the interactions of the Chinese native cultures with the exotic cultures.

多方面的原因限制了李森科伪科学在我国的传播，"双百"方针的执行和青岛遗传学会议的召开，儒道互补、和而不同等民族文化传统的潜移默化作用，中国本土文化对外来文化的撞击、筛选、排异作用等。

The relevance of Mendelism to evolution was unclear and hotly debated, especially by Bateson, who opposed the biometric ideas of his former teacher Weldon.

孟德尔遗传学与进化论的相关性还不清楚，为此引起了激烈的辩论；尤其引人注目的是贝特森，他提出意见反对他以前的老师韦尔登的生物统计观念。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。