遗传学的

Yeast also is an important research material and provides a detectable experimental system in genetics and molecular biology. The functional complementation assay of homeotic gene re-expression in yeast mutant has become a screen tool in mechanism research of drug.

第三章spm1、pmp1和mid2基因在相应粟酒裂殖酵母突变体中的再表达利用酵母突变体及其同源基因再表达的功能互补实验，是目前遗传学和分子生物学研究的一种重要实验方法，并使酵母成为筛查药物作用机制的工具。

Non-invasive sampling is a useful tool for genetic analysis of endangered species,but it is often inapplicable due to the low quality and quantity of DNA obtained.In order to explore a method for extracting DNA from specimen of bird,we tried to extract DNA from dried skin of birds.We extracted total DNA of the koklass specimens successfully.

20世纪80年代以来，由于PCR技术的广泛应用，已经能对极少量遗传物质进行检测，由此产生了一类新的取样方法——非损伤性取样[1]，即在不伤害或触及动物的前提下收集脱落的毛发、粪便、口腔脱落细胞、陈旧皮张等作为分析样品，进行遗传学分析。

Comparative genetics studies have demonstrated that gene content and orders are highly conserved, both at the map and megabase leves, between many cereal crops. However, at the microlevel, colinerity is less conserved and different rearrangements exist.

比较遗传学研究表明，在遗传图语水平和Mb水平，许多谷类作物的基因组所含基因及基因的顺序均高度保守，但在微观水平上，共线性水平的保守性不高，各物种间存在不同程度的重组。

Recent molecular phylogenetic work has confirmed that Pereskia, a genus that consists of 17 species of leafy shrubs and trees, is where the earliest cactus lineages began.

最近的分子分类遗传学研究工作证实了：仙人掌最早的家族成员名叫Pereskia，Pereskia是一种17个多叶的灌木合树种组成的属种。

Phytophagy Lab, Department of Botany is primarily dedicated to teaching and research in Phytophagy including ecological genetics of offensive-defensive interactions between plants and herbivores, influences of plant genotype, neighbors, and insect colonization on insect community structure.

植物学系植食性研究室主要致力于植物食性的教学与研究，其研究领域包括植物和草食动物之间攻－防之间的遗传学，昆虫群落结构的植物基因型、邻居、和昆虫种群的影响。

All the LOH on 〓 and 〓 was observed in invasive ductal carcino- ma, carcinoma simplex, medulary carcinoma and scirrhous carcino- ma, no deletions at these sites were observed in any invasive lobular carcinoma and others. These results imply an etiological difference.P53 gene is a hot point gene in the occurrence and development of breast, cancer. PCR-SSCP analysis was performed to detect P53 gene point mutation in the region between exon 5 and 8, 5 of 12 (41. 6%) stage I breast cancer patients contain mutation of P53, 3 of 5 patients were accompanied by 〓 deletion. These results suggested that point mutation and allelic loss of P53 gene are two vi- tal genetic events in earlier stage of breast tumorigenesis.

我们还发现，〓和〓位点LOH均分布在乳腺浸润性导管癌、单纯癌、髓样癌及硬癌中，在浸润性小叶癌和某些特殊类型乳腺癌中全部为LOH阴性，上述位点LOH可能与某些组织学类型乳腺癌的发生有关。P53基因是乳腺癌形成过程中的一个热点基因，本研究对12例Ⅰ期乳腺癌组织标本中P53基因热点区域第5、6、7、8外显子点突变进行了测定，发现41.6％（5／12）的病人有P53基因一个或多个点突变，其中3例同时伴有〓位点LOH，表明P53基因点突变和等位基因缺失是发生在乳腺癌形成早期的一个重要遗传学事件。

The phylogenetic relationship of the two types in Sparidae are also discussed in this paper and it is believed that the two types are of divergent evolution in Sparidae .

此外，还讨论了这两种鱼的亲缘关系和鲷科鱼类中两个类群及其核型的分化问题，认为从细胞遗传学角度看，鲷科鱼类的两个类群在演化过程中是分支进化的。

The qualitative and quantitative analysis of schizophrenia and single nucleotide polymorphism of catechol-O-methyltransferase , Proline Dehydrogenase and DYSBINDIN genes were done by using transmission disequilibrium test . Results:(1) The symptoms of first-episode schizophrenia were divided into four independent symptom dimensions: psychomotor poverty, reality distortion, disorganisation and depression-anxiety.

4采用传递不平衡检验、单倍型传递不平衡检验和定量性状传递不平衡检验的方法对6号、22号染色体上3个候选基因，即儿茶酚氧位甲基转移酶(catechol-O-methyltransferase，COMT)、脯氨酸脱氢酶(Proline Dehydrogenase，PRODH)和DYSBINDIN基因的9个单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism，SNP)位点与精神分裂症、神经认知功能、人格特质和临床症状表现的关系进行了定性和定量的遗传学分析。

"Understanding this toggle switch might ultimately enable scientists to find ways to stop cells from metastasizing, which is the most deadly trait of cancer," said the study's lead investigator, Mariano Garcia-Blanco, M.D., Ph.D., professor of molecular genetics and microbiology.

&对这个开关的了解可能最终会使科学家们能够找到阻止细胞转移的方法，而转移是癌细胞最致命的特征。&研究的首席研究员Mariano Garcia-Blanco说（分子遗传学和微生物学博士）。

The prehistoric peopling of East Asia by modern humans remains controversial with respect to early population migrations.

以前的遗传学研究揭示了东亚南方和北方人群在遗传背景上存在一定的差异，但如何解释这种遗传差异以及它同东亚现代人史前迁徙路线的关系是大家争论的焦点。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了