遗传学

Reactive oxygen species causing DNA oxidative damage comes from two kinds of ways:one is from cellular normal physiological metabolism;the other is from outer environment.Redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Recombinant cells were evaluated in monitoring the changes in the redox state of living cells when challenged with toxicologically relevant metal ions NaAsO_2 or Pb(NO_3)_2 by measuring emission intensity at 510 nm with a Hitachi F6500 fluorescence spectrophotometer,roGFP expressed in yeast responded not only to typical membrane-permeant oxidants H_2O_2 and reductants DTT,but also to toxicological metal ion-induced intracellular redox changes in a dose-dependent manner.Moreover,exposure of yeast cells to NaAsO_2 or Pb(NO_3)_2 at concentrations that induced redox changes reported by roGFP caused up to 2～3 fold increases in DNA mutation frequency.This mutagenic effect was largely caused by oxidative stress since blocking the production of hydryl radicals with thiourea significantly reduced the mutation rate as well as delayed the cell death.

本文将对氧化还原状态变化敏感的绿色荧光蛋白roGFP1-R12，在酵母细胞中实现了多拷贝强表达；荧光扫描经强氧化剂H_2O_2和还原剂DTT以及环境中重金属NaAsO_2或Pb(NO_3)_2处理后的酵母细胞悬液，测定510 nm处的荧光发射强度结果显示，表达的绿色荧光蛋白对氧化还原水平敏感，且在510 nm处的荧光强度与一定的重金属浓度呈正相关，即roGFP1-R12在510nm处的荧光发射值随重金属浓度的增高而增强，从而说明重金属对细胞的毒性在一定程度上很可能是通过破坏细胞内的氧化还原平衡发生作用；同时通过该绿色荧光蛋白对胞内氧化还原状态变化的响应情况可以来实时检测环境中的重金属；遗传学的点突变频率及致死率实验数据表明，重金属能导致菌体的点突变频率和致死率升高，且活性氧的清除剂巯基脲能明显降低这种点突变和致死率，说明由重金属引发的这种点突变和致死效应在很大程度上是依赖于重金属对细胞诱导产生的氧化胁迫。

Plant disease resistant reaction is a complex physiological process. To date, it has been found that many compounds are involved in the recognition of pathogens and following signaling transudation pathways.

中文题名水稻抗稻瘟病数量性状相关基因的鉴定与分析副题名外文题名 Identification and characteristics of quantitative trait loci associated genes resistant to rice blast disease in rice 论文作者郑先武导师朱立煌研究员学科专业遗传学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数77页关键词水稻抗病基因稻瘟病馆藏号BSLW /2003 /S511 /97 植物对外界病原的抗性过程是一个复杂的生理现象。

Granule-bound starch synthase is an enzyme binding on starch granule in plant cells, whose function is keeping amylase unbranching.

多年来，人们一直想利用普通遗传学和分子生物学手段降低GBSS的生物学活性从而改良小麦品质。

Using CCA, karyotype abnormalities were found in 18 (37.5%) of 48 cases, among which complex karyotypes were found in 4 (8.3%) cases, a deletion of chromosome 5/a deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5 (-5/5q-) in 5 (10.4%) cases,-7/7q- in 5 (10.4%) cases, trisomy 8 in 8 (16.6%) cases, 20q- in 2 (4.6%) cases, unconsistent translocations in 3 (6.2%) cases.

细胞遗传学分析检出染色体异常18例(37.5%)，其中复杂异常4例(8.3%)、5号染色体缺失或5号染色体长臂部分缺失5例(10.4%)、7号染色体缺失或7号染色体长臂部分缺失5例(10.4%)、8号染色体增加8例（16.6%）、20号染色体长臂部分缺失2例（4.6%）、不一致的易位3例（6.2%）。

Some genetic bases underlye the plant somaclonal variation, which can be integratively determined and identified at morphological, cytological, biochemical and molecular biological levels.

植物体细胞无性系变异的发生有其遗传学基础，可从形态学、细胞学、生物化学和分子生物学等多个方面对其进行综合检测和鉴定。

The effects of vacuolization on the differentiation of vascular endothelial cells were analyzed from a chemical biochemistry genetics perspective using the blastodisc cells differentiation model induced by FGF with the γ-butyrolactones derivative.

从化学遗传学的角度，利用γ-丁内酯衍生物研究了成纤维细胞生长因子（fibroblast growth factor， FGF）诱导鸡胚盘细胞向血管内皮细胞分化过程中，空泡化对血管内皮细胞分化的影响。

"We now are given a hint as to what parts of RLS may be genetically determined," says John Winkelman, a sleep specialist at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts.

&关于不宁腿综合症哪个部分是由遗传学决定的，我们现在已经得到一些线索&，来自麻萨诸塞州波士顿哈佛医学中心的睡眠学家John Winkelman说。

The physio- biochemical characterization,Biolog analysis and 16S rDNA molecular identification were performed.

本论文旨在考察1株新分离的Dyella属菌株LA-4对联苯的降解特性并对其代谢基因进行分子遗传学研究。

Many developments in genetics have taken place since Mendel did his work.

遗传学的许多演化在Mendel做他的研究之前就已经开始了。

Among the major contributors to this genetic approach was Francois Jacob, a student and colleague of Monod at the Pasteur Institute.

对这个遗传学技术的重要贡献的人是Francois Jacob，他是巴斯德研究所Monod的一个学生和同事。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。