遗传地

And the author deeply points out the source of the struggle between bestiality and humanity, that is the Genetic Law.

而且作者深刻地指出两者斗争力量的来源，那就是遗传定律。

Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated.

他们也更为经常地受到一些诸如乳腺癌等遗传疾病的影响。

ISSR Molecular marker could be used in molecular authentication and hereditary background study of the species of Caragana Fabr.

ISSR分子标记可很好地用于锦鸡儿物种的分子鉴定和遗传背景研究，其结果为制定有效的保护策略和措施提供了科学依据。

①Location of WD gene in Ch inese: Using pairwise linkage analysis and multipoint linkage analysis method, w e constructed a genetic map of DNA markers within D13q14.2-3 which refined the location of WD gene by restriction fragment length polymorphism and microsatellite polymorphism analysis;②Screen for mutations of WD gene in Chinese people: we detected the structure of 21 exons of WD ge ne in 45 patients from 39 pedigrees by PCR-SSCP(Single strand conformation poly morphism) and PCR-DNA sequencing technology, found a new mutation in exon 5 and nuclcotide sequence analysis showed it is a T insertion. We also conformed the Arg778Leu in exon 8, the highest frequence mutation point in Chinese people, wit h mutation rate 22.8%in total;③Carrier detection and presymptomatic diagnosi s of WD: Based on DNA recombination technology, we peformed successfully the gen e diagnosis in all individuals of 79 families with WD and built up a helpful spe cific enzyme cut method (PCR-Msp1) to detect the carrier and presympomatic patients in Chinese pe ople with WD.

①WD的基因定位研究：通过RFLP及微卫星多态性分析，应用两位点及多位点连锁软件，建立了中国人WD基因在D13q14.2-3区域的精细遗传连锁图谱，从而首次对中国人WD基因进行了精确定位；②WD基因突变研究：应用PCR-SSCP及DNA测序技术，对39个家系45名WD患者进行该致病基因的21个外显子突变筛选，发现WD基因5号外显子存在新的T插入突变，并证实中国人WD基因的突变热点为8号外显子，突变形式为Arg778Leu，其频率为22.8%；③WD的症状前诊断和杂合子检出：应用DNA重组技术对79个家系进行基因诊断，成功地进行了WD的症状前诊断和杂合子检出，并建立了WD的基因筛选的PCR-Msp 1酶切方法。

A hybrid fast genetic algorithm (H2O) is proposed on the basis of various characteristics of nature evolution. This algorithm is combined with niche technician, a variety of crossover schemes, multi-populations and catastrophism phenomenons.

为了有效地克服非线性、多参数、多极值的组合优化问题中遗传算法的早熟收敛现象，引入生物的小生境技术和自然界生物多种杂交方式并存、多个子群体并行以及灾变现象而提出了一种综合的快速基因搜索策略。

It is suggested that it is better to indicate the variability within breeds by average heterozygosity based on microsatellite polymorphisms, which showed high polymorphisms and codominant inheritance of the markers, where as differences between populations and even specific characteristics with in a population are reffected clearly and directly by RAPD.

由于微卫星标记多态性程度高且等显性遗传，因而通过它计算杂合度可以较好地反映群体内的变异；RAPD则在反映群体间的区别甚至某一群体的特征时可提供明确而直接的信息。

One is known technically as kin selection, and familiarly as nepotism. This spreads an individual's genes collaterally, rather than directly, but is otherwise similar to his helping his own offspring.

一种在理论上被称为亲戚选择，即俗称的裙带关系，它可以间接而非直接地传播某一个体的遗传基因，不过在其它方面来看又类似于帮助自己的子孙。

The primary work of this paper includes: 1 The general process and the fundamental theory of genetic algorithm is introduced systematically, which is also be applied to an example; 2 The penalty function method and the constraint tournament method are introduced in the paper, which are used to process the constraint limit. Via analyzing the basic principle of NSGA-II ,which is elaborated in the paper, the fast non- dominated sorting method, congestion distance and its comparison operator, the elite strategy and the main process of NSGA-II is researched particularly. 3 Via modeling the fire distribution problem, the model is computed by the algorithm of NSGA-II, which is combined with both the penalty function method and the restraint league tournament method The optimization of two goals are also realized in the paper. The results derived from the VC++6.0 indicate that, two algorithms both have the high convergence, simultaneously the Pareto optimal solution also maintain the variety of distribution.

本文所作的主要工作如下：系统地介绍了遗传算法的一般流程和基本理论，并应用于一个函数优化的实例；研究了用于处理约束限制的罚函数法和约束联赛法，论述了NSGA-II的基本原理，并对其提出的快速非支配排序法、拥挤度及其比较算子、精英策略及NSGA-II的主要流程作了详细的研究；建立了火力分配问题的模型，并将NSGA-II算法分别与罚函数法和约束联赛法相结合对该模型进行了计算，实现了对两个目标的最优化；用VC++6.0编程计算后所得的结果表明，两种算法均具有很好的收敛性，同时Pareto最优解也保持了好的多样性分布。

This arithmetic combined the rules of the accomplishment of the Genetic Algorithm and the rules of the traditional Fuzzy Clustering, so it can not only enhance the performance of Clustering Analysis, but also accelerate its constringency.

它把遗传结束的准则与传统算法的终止准则有机地结合起来，不仅提高了算法的聚类分析性能，也提高了算法的收敛速度。

The social constructionist perspective challenges the notion of mental illness as the result of biological, genetic and psychological malfunctioning.

前瞻性地挑战陈规，社会法令解释者把精神疾病的概念定义为生物、遗传和心理功能紊乱的结果。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。