遗传作用

It is proved that if the optimal solution tree has an inter-node, the necessary and sufficient condition that tree structure GAs are solution foundable is that the initial population contains an inter-node; the upper limit of solution foundable probability is also calculated and the population size is proved to increase at most in a polynomial of increasing problem complexity and the probability upper limit.

本文接着给出了当初始群体随机产生，只有杂交算符作用或只有复制与杂交算符作用的遗传算法有解的充要条件，并加以证明；而且求出了这时有解的概率上限，并证明群体大小的增加不超过问题复杂性和有解概率上限的某个多项式。

Plant traits were categorized to three classes: the first class traits were dominated by major gene with little genetic effect of polygene, including days from sowing to flowering, days from sowing to boll opening, lint percent, days from squaring to flowering, days from flowering to boll opening and plant bolls. The hereditability of major gene and polygene were about 36. 85%～66. 79% and 2. 83%～12. 64%, respectively.

通过对短季棉早熟及其相关性状的主-多基因综合分析发现：主基因普遍存在，各时期至少有一对主基因起主要作用，同时受多基因的修饰，在短季棉发育的不同时期，其主基因的对数、作用效果、方向以及主、多基因的遗传率均不同。

Exotic germplasms have been playing an important role in corn breeding and production in our country. But to make good use of them, their genetic characteristics and germplasm relationship with Chinese inbred lines representing different heterotic groups should be studied.

引进国外种质对提高我国玉米育种和生产水平具有重要作用，但要充分发挥其作用，必须系统研究其种质特点及其与我国不同优势类群自交系的遗传关系。

Micronucleus test results exhibited that significant differences in micronuclear rates were determined between 0.4 mL bone cement and 0.4 mL microsphere-coated bone cement groups and negative control group, but no significant difference was detected among other groups. This revealed that this microsphere-coated bone cement leaching liquor did not show significant cell heredity toxic effects. Nevertheless, microsphere-coated bone cement in the high concentration and high dosage groups exhibited low toxic effects, mainly showing increased hemolysis rate and micronuclear rate. Thus, it was necessary to control the dosage and concentration of microsphere-coated bone cement.

微核实验结果显示除0.4 mL骨水泥组和0.4 mL微球骨水泥组的微核率与阴性对照组差异有显著性意义，其余各组差异无显著性意义，说明该微球骨水泥的浸提液无明显细胞遗传毒性作用，但是高浓度和高剂量组的微球骨水泥仍有较低的毒性作用，主要表现为溶血率和微核率的提高，因此在应用时要适当控制微球骨水泥的剂量和浓度。

Methods Through comet assay and observing mutation frequency of HPRT gene, frequencies of micronuclei and multinucleate cells, chromosome analysis, we researched the hereditary toxicity of DU and protection of DMSO.

采用彗星实验、HPRT基因突变检测、微核多核及染色体分析研究贫铀的遗传毒性作用及DMSO对其毒性的抑制作用。

Mutant mice than in wild-type controls, and tetrodotoxin or bicuculline application abolished the difference between the genotypes. Studies on human oligodendroglioma cells revealed that GABA played a protective role on Ca〓 overload induced by OGD or glutamate and phaclofen, GABA〓 receptor antagonist, could significantly block the protection.

结果表明：①电凝大脑中动脉后Ca〓2.3-／-鼠脑梗死率和缺血后运动障碍明显重于Ca〓2.3+／+鼠；②Ca〓2.3-／-鼠海马脑片CA1区缺氧后钙超载明显高于Ca〓2.3+／+鼠；③Na〓通道阻滞剂TTX和GABA〓受体阻断剂bicuculline可显著缩小遗传表型之间的差异；④GABA对缺氧无糖及谷氨酸所致的人胶质细胞瘤细胞Ca〓超载有明显的保护作用，此作用可被GABA〓受体阻断剂phaclofen拮抗。

Stuber et al.(1992) considered the overdominance is the major genetic basis of heterosis in maize; Xiao et al.(1995) suggested the dominance is the major molecular mechanism of heterosis in rice. Subsequently, Yu et al.(1997) and Hua et al.(2003) demonstrated the epistasis made the siginificant contribution to heterosis in rice.

Stuber等认为，超显性是玉米杂种优势形成的主要原因；Xiao等(1995)认为显性作用是水稻杂种优势形成的遗传基础，Yu等(1997)和Hua等(2003)认为上位性在杂种优势形成过程中起重要作用。

The book covers both plants and animals, and deals with all relevant areas of research, including biogeography, field work, systematics, theory, and genetic and molecular studies, with special emphasis to topics,including sympatric speciation, reinforcement, the role of hybridization in speciation, the search for genes causing reproductive isolation, and mounting evidence for the role of natural and sexual selection in the origin of species.

该书内容覆盖植物和动物，并且涉及所有相关的研究领域，包括生物地理学，野外工作，系统分类学，理论，和遗传和分子研究，特别强调了包括同区域物种形成，增强，杂交在物种形成中的作用，寻找导致生殖隔离的基因，寻找自然和性别选择在物种起源中作用的证据。

Changes in IL-2/IL-2R system in 25 patients with thyrotoxic Graves disease and 20 eu-thyroids were investigated and compared with those of 15 normal controls. The thyrotoxic patients showed a high concentration of serum sIL-2R and a large amount of circulating IL-2R-α- cells but a decreased production of IL-2 by PBMC. However, these abnormalities had a tendency to become normal with improvement of the disease.

Graves病的发生是环境、遗传和免疫等多种因素综合作用的结果＊淋巴细胞的免疫调节异常是其中的一个重要原因，而白细胞介素-2（IL-2）及其受体在维持正常T细胞功能和兔疫调节方面发挥关键作用。

The reason of "horse-shoe effect" is that the χ^2 distance measurement in correspondent analysis usually overrates the effect of the low frequencye genes.

蹄型效应&经常会歪曲潜在遗传结构的真实形态，其产生的主要原因是对应分析中的x2距离不相似测度高估了稀有基因的作用，除趋势对应分析对&蹄型效应有明显的校正作用。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。