遗传

The average percentage of polymorphic bands are 72.06% for ISSR and 66.67% for RAPD respectively. The genetic diversity of ginkgo revealed by ISSR (the average effective number of alleles is 1.8780, the average Nei"s gene diversity is 0.4652, and the average Shannon"s information index is 0.6574) are all higher than those by RAPD (the average effective number of alleles is 1.7842, the average Nei"s gene diversity is 0.4317, and the average Shannon"s information index is 0.6211), while the standard errors of the parameters estimated by ISSR were lower. Therefore, ISSR molecular markers are more suited than RAPD molecular markers when testing the genetic diversity of ginkgo populations and determining the genetic relationship of among populations or among individuals which are much similar hereditarily.

本文应用RAPD和ISSR两种分子标记技术，选取中国5个可能的野生银杏居群共计75个样品，对其遗传多样性进行了研究，得出以下结论：(1)用筛选出的12个RAPD引物和10个ISSR引物进行PCR扩增，分别扩增出65条和68条重复性高、清晰的条带，多态性位点百分率分别66.67%和72.06%，ISSR揭示的银杏遗传多样性(平均有效等位基因数目为1.8780，平均基因多样度为0.4652，平均信息指数为0.6574)高于RAPD所得到的结果(平均有效等位基因数目为1.7842，平均基因多样度为0.4317，平均信息指数为0.6211)，其所估算参数的标准差要低于RAPD所估算出的值，因此，在研究亲缘关系非常近的银杏物种的遗传多样性并试图确定居群间或个体间的遗传关系时，ISSR分子标记技术比RAPD分子标记技术更为合适。

The colony morphology, growth rate and homothallic characters were all steadily inherited in both single-zoospore and single-oospore progenies,which indicated that the genetic factors of controlling the three characters were homozygous.

结果表明，菌落形态、生长速率和同宗配合性状在单孢后代可稳定遗传，控制上述性状的遗传因子是纯合的；大豆疫霉菌的游动孢子产生能力在单孢后代发生连续性变异，表明这种性状可能是数量遗传性状，也可能控制这种性状的基因为杂合基因或细胞质遗传因子。

Vallisneria spinulosa maintained high levels of genetic variation both at the species and at the population level. Partitioning of genetic diversity revealed a surprisingly low population differentiation as compared to other hydrophilous angiosperms.

利用等位酶和开发的微卫星标记研究了刺苦草在长江中下流域的遗传多样性和遗传结构，研究结果表明，刺苦草在居群水平和种水平都具有高的遗传多样性；居群间遗传分化程度非常小；居群间历史上存在长距离基因流。

Amon g them , four polymorphic loci with inevident genetic variation made little cont ribution to genetic variation of this population and other ten polymorphic loci with evident genetic variation made great contribution to genetic variation of this population .

其中有14个酶基因座属多态，只有一个单态基因座（ME－3）。14个多态基因座中，4个基因座遗传变异小，对该天然群体的遗传变异贡献不大，其余10个基因座遗传变异丰富，对该天然群体的遗传变异贡献大。

In nuclear style families, to study the genetic association and linkage relationship and to provide the genetic basis information for the further research. Methods: We investigated the genetic structure and relationship of 116 Keshan Disease patients and 65 local normal people in Shaanxi province with HLA-DRB1 locus, which is characterized by high polymorphism and inheritage stability, with polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonuclotide probe.

本研究选用具有高度多态信息量及遗传稳定性的人类HLA-DRB1遗传位点，以陕西118名克山病人及当地65名正常对照人群作为研究对象，用聚合酶链反应—序列特异性寡核苷酸探针的方法对其遗传结构及其相互关系进行了分析研究，并在核心家系中采用基于单体型的相对风险及传递不平衡检验对其遗传指标进行了统计计算。

Aimed at the study of Lauraceae system classification in domestic and overseas,genetic diversity and genetic variation between Cinnamomun micranthum Hayata natural populations and Ex-situ conservation poputations and relationship among Its Close Relative Species of Cinnamomum camphora Presl,Cinnamomum burmannii(C.G.etTh.Nee) Bl,Phoebe bournei Yang. Litsea subcoriacea Yang et P.H.Huan. Neolitsea aurata Koidz,Lindera communis Hemsl and Persea Americana Mill.were studied by inter-simple sequence repeats molecular marker.The research aimed at genetic variation between Cinnamomun micranthum Hayata populations,so that can offer the molecular theoretic and practical method for conservation and utilization of Cinnamomun micranthum Hayata populations.

针对目前国内外对樟科植物系统分类的研究现状，本研究采用ISSR分子标记技术对樟科沉水樟天然居群和迁地保护居群的遗传多样性进行研究，从分子水平上分析沉水樟种群的生态遗传及其遗传变异规律；同时利用ISSR分子标记技术比较沉水樟及其近缘种香樟、阴香、闽楠、桂北木姜子、新木姜子、香叶树、鳄梨在分子水平上的亲缘关系，揭示这些树种在樟科植物系统进化中的作用与地位，探讨沉水樟及其近缘种的遗传多样性及其分化格局，为樟科植物的系统分类提供分子水平的依据。

The research aimed to analyze the genetic variation of Apis mellifera L.and Apis sinensis within variety and among variety in Jiangsu province. 6 pairs of microsatellite DNA markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of A.mellifera and A.Sinensis at DNA level.

微卫星标记在评估群体的遗传多样性、估测遗传距离、构建群体间亲缘关系等方面显示出了很强的优越性，已经成为群体遗传结构、遗传多样性研究中最普遍最有效的工具之一。

Combining electron microscopy observation with DNA fluoresence detecting technique, it is systematically studied the ultrastructure of microspore, the distribution of plastid and mitochondria and the changes of organelle DNA at different developing stages in Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, and Lilium Spec.(L. davidii and L. regale).

基于上述的情况，本研究应用电镜和DNA荧光技术系统研究了菜豆、豌豆及百合属中王百合和兰州百合这些植物种小孢子发育的超微结构，质体和线粒体的分布形式及其DNA的变化情况与遗传的关系，并应用RFLP分析了兰州百合的质体遗传方式，同时对另一种可遗传的细胞器——线粒体的遗传方式也进行了研究。

ISSR markers were used to study the genetic relationship and investigate the genetic diversity and genetic structure for providing a theoretical basis and technical support for appropriate conservation and application of existing genetic resources of Tagetes.

通过ISSR分子标记研究品种资源遗传关系，探讨其种群遗传多样性水平和遗传结构，为了解品种间遗传多样性、品种间亲缘关系、育种及科学合理保存和利用现有万寿菊属种质资源提供理论依据和技术支持。

Tigrina cantor. The results indicate that the percentage of polymorphic loci of R. tigrina rugulosa and R. rigrina cantor are 53.77% and 70.79%, respectively; the genetic diversity index are 0.1345 and 0.1780 and the inter-similarity index are 0.4238. The inter-strains genetic distance is 0.6613, indicating that the genetic variations of R.

tigrina cantor的种内种间遗传多样性及种质特异性分子标记，结果表明：中国虎纹蛙和泰国虎纹蛙多态位点比例分别为53.77%和70.79%；遗传多样性指数分别为0.1345和0.1780；种间的遗传相似系数为0.4238，遗传距离为0.6613。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。