遗传

It shows that the recent rapid decline on population and fragment of habitat leads to indigence in genetic diversity, and all three geographic units exhibits low levels of nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity. The average genetic distance among all haplotypes was 1.32%, and the genetic variation within and between regions were 99.31% and 0.69% respectively.

结果发现，大鲵近期种群数量锐减和栖息地破碎化以及遗传漂变造成了大鲵遗传多样性的贫乏；三个地理单元均表现出较低的核苷酸多样性和单倍型多样性，各单倍型之间的平均遗传距离为1.32％，99.31％的遗传差异发生地理单元内，仅0.69％发生在单元间。

At the same time, to counter the problem that traditional coding method of genetic algorithm is difficult to design for this model, conventional genetic algorithm is modified by extending encoding method form digital string to matrix and defining corresponding genetic operator operation, this make encoding clear and understanding easy.

同时，针对遗传算法传统编码方案所存在的问题，提出了遗传算法的改进方案，将染色体结构由传统的数字串扩展到多维数组，并定义了相应的遗传算子操作，使得编码清晰、易于理解，遗传算子操作方便。

In this paper, population genetic variability and genetic structure of five populations of an important cultivation species, mirror carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.) were analyzed using 30 microsatellite loci. The observed and expected heterozygosity values, polymorphic information content and number of effective alleles ( A e were all determined.

采用30个微卫星分子标记，对5个镜鲤群体的观测杂合度、期望杂合度、多态信息含量和有效等位基因数等进行了遗传检测，根据基因频率计算遗传相似系数和Nei氏标准遗传距离，以 c 2检验估计Hardy-Weinberg平衡，以近交系数和基因流分析群体的遗传分化。

A fine-grained genetic algorithm based algorithm which is for the parameters optimization problem of agent model is proposed. The fine-grained genetic algorithm is used to solve the parameters optimization problem of agent model. As to the parameters optimization problem of the agents colony model, the first step is to define the concept of "the parameters mode of the combat agents colony" to describe the parameters of the combat agent colony model. Then the genetic algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem with the parameters mode of the combat agent colony model as the genetic individual. Besides the algorithm, the algorithm dispatch tactic is also considered. And the two level sequence dispatch tactic and the two level nesting dispatch tactic are put forward for those complex parameters optimization problem. At last, the model parameters optimization under antagonism codition is studied. The means to solve this problem is to translate it into a kind of antagonism problem, then use the competitive co-evolutionary genetic algorithms to solve it.

其中：提出了一种基于细粒度模型的作战智能体模型参数优化求解算法，用细粒度模型遗传算法求解作战智能体模型参数优化问题；提出了"作战智能体群体参数模式"的概念，对作战智能体群体模型参数进行形式化描述，再以作战智能体群体参数模式为遗传个体，应用遗传算法求解作战智能体群体模型参数的优化问题；研究了上述优化问题求解算法的调度策略，提出了分层模型参数优化算法的双层顺序调度策略和双层嵌套调度策略，解决复杂的模型参数优化问题；将对抗条件下作战模型参数的优化问题转化为一种对抗性问题，应用竞争性共同进化遗传算法，进行求解。

And it also showed that the inheritance of the growth-rate and pathogenicity to cotton seedlings of XC-6 could not be inherited steadily in zoospore progenies and oospore progeny, but the colony morphology and homothallic character of XC-6 could inherited steadily in both asexual and sexual progenies, which suggested that the inheritance and variation of the above characters might be related to long-selfing and hybridization in species.

同时，XC-6生长速率、对棉苗的致病力、菌落形态及同宗配合遗传和变异特性研究表明，其生长速率和对棉苗的致病力性状在单游动孢子后代和自交后代均不能稳定遗传，但菌落形态和同宗配合特性在单游动孢子后代和自交后代均能稳定遗传，提示上述性状在单游动孢子后代和自交后代的遗传和变异特性可能与菌株长期自交和种内杂交有关。

And it also showed that the inheritance of the growth-rate and pathogenicity to cotton seedlings of XC-6 could not be inherited steadily in zoospore progenies and oospore progeny, but the colonyKey words: Phytophthora boehmeriae, Biological character, Inheritance

同时，XC-6生长速率、对棉苗的致病力、菌落形态及同宗配合遗传和变异特性研究表明，其生长速率和对棉苗的致病力性状在单游动孢子后代和自交后代均不能稳定遗传，但菌落形态和同宗配合特性在单游动孢子后代和自交后代均能稳定遗传，提示上述性状在单游动孢子后代和自交后代的遗传和变异特性可能与菌株长期自交和种内杂交有关。

Genetic diversity analysis within and between the green peafowl and the blue peafowl populations demonstrated that the expected heterozygosity of two peafowl populations were 0.2482 and 0.2744, respectively. The inbreeding index, Reynolds' genetic distance and gene flow between the two populations were 0.078, 0.0603 and 3.896 respectively. These results indicate that the heterozygosity and the genetic diversity of these two peafowl populations were very low, and suggest a tendency towards intermixing.

蓝孔雀和绿孔雀群体间和群体内的遗传分析结果表明，绿孔雀和蓝孔雀两个群体的期望杂合度分别为0.7422和0.6943，群体间的遗传分化系数为0.078， Reynolds'遗传距离和基因流分别为0.0603和3.896，结果显示这两个孔雀群体的杂合度和遗传多样性水平都很低，且有相互混杂的趋势。

Results The estimated heritabilities of each item were from 0.59 to 0.87 after adjusting for age.The heritabilities of triceps skinfolds,subscapular skinfolds,sum of triceps and subscapular skinfolds and body fat percent were the lowest in preadolescent period in the boys(0.55,0.62,0.53,0.51,respectively) and the lowest in lateadolescent period in girls(0.53,0.43,0.24,0.40,respectively).In the course of adolescence,the heritabilities of lean body mass increased steadily in both boys and girls.

结果 全部双生子分性别校正年龄后，各指标遗传度在0.59～0.87之间；不同发育期各指标遗传度存在差异，肱三头肌皮褶、肩胛下皮褶、2处皮褶厚度之和、体脂百分比的遗传度男生在青春期前期最低，分别为0.55，0.62，0.53，0.51，女生在青春期晚期最低，分别为0.53，0.43，0.24，0.40；男、女瘦体重遗传度随青春期发育进程呈增加趋势。

The heritabilities of triceps skinfolds,subscapular skinfolds,sum of triceps and subscapular skinfolds and body fat percent were the lowest in preadolescent period in the boys(0.55,0.62,0.53,0.51,respectively) and the lowest in lateadolescent period in girls(0.53,0.43,0.24,0.40,respectively).In the course of adolescence,the heritabilities of lean body mass increased steadily in both boys and girls.

结果 全部双生子分性别校正年龄后，各指标遗传度在0.59～0.87之间；不同发育期各指标遗传度存在差异，肱三头肌皮褶、肩胛下皮褶、2处皮褶厚度之和、体脂百分比的遗传度男生在青春期前期最低，分别为0.55，0.62，0.53，0.51，女生在青春期晚期最低，分别为0.53，0.43，0.24，0.40；男、女瘦体重遗传度随青春期发育进程呈增加趋势。

Third, the results also revealed that the toddlers'rhythmicity, intensity of reaction, quality of mood and the parenting style of punishment were always lead to the incidence of the deregulation incidence of social-emotional development. In the end, the binary logistic result told us that toddlers'gender, age, apporoach and withdrawal, persistence, threshold of responsiveness, the parenting of refused, encourage independence and explore and low-voltage-induced all can lead to the incidence of the competence.(2) The degree of effect caused by genetic and environmental factors on the toddlers'social - emotional development were revealed by the structural equation model.

研究结果1。两分类logistic回归分析发现，影响中国幼儿情绪社会性外显问题的生物遗传及环境因素有年龄、性别、活动水平、趋避性及适应性，母亲文化程度、拒绝及惩罚的家庭教养方式；影响内隐问题的遗传及环境因素有年龄、活动水平、趋避性、情绪本质及拒绝、关注与保护、控制施压的家庭教养方式；影响失调问题的遗传及环境因素有节律性、反应强度、情绪本质及惩罚的教养方式；影响能力问题的遗传及环境因素有性别、趋避性、坚持性、反应阈、家庭收入、接纳、拒绝及低压诱导的家庭教养方式。2。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。