道德神学

If at any time this part of moral theology should be pushed to the background, moral theology would become one-sided and would need a revision, not by cutting down casuistry, but by devoting more time and energy to the doctrine of virtues in their scientific, parenetical, and ascetical aspect.

如果在任何时候这一部分的道德神学应该被推到背景下，道德神学将成为片面的，将需要修改，而不是削减诡辩，而是把更多的时间和精力的理论，美德在他们的科学， parenetical ，并ascetical方面的问题。

Among these are included Claude Lacroix, whose moral theology is considered as one of the most valuable of the eighteenth century, and St. Alphonsus Liguori, with whom, however, an entirely new epoch of moral theology commences.

这其中既有包括克劳德lacroix ，其道德神学被认为是其中一个最宝贵的18世纪，圣阿方liguori ，和谁在一起，但是，一个全新时代的道德神学开始。

The Apostolic See itself, or rather the Sacred Penitentiary, when asked,"Whether a professor of moral theology may quietly follow and teach the opinions which St. Alphonsus Liguori teaches in his Moral Theology", gave indeed an affirmative answer on 5 July, 1831; it added, however,"but those must not be reprehended who defend other opinions supported by the authority of reliable doctors".

使徒见本身，还是神圣感化，当被问及"，无论是教授的道德神学可能会悄悄地跟踪和教授的意见街阿利顾理教授在他的道德神学"了确实是一个肯定的回答关於1831年7月5日它补充说，不过，但这些绝不能reprehended谁保卫其他意见支持的权威，可靠的医生。

The history of Probabilism is given under this title, suffice it to say here that from the middle of the seventeenth century when the violent discussion of this question begins, the development of moral theology coincides with that of Probabilism and of other Probabilistic systems; although these systems touch only a small portion of morals and of moral truths and nothing is farther from the truth than the opinion, so wide-spread among the adversaries of Catholic morals, that Probabilism gave a new shape and a new spirit to the whole of moral theology.

历史的或然论是根据本书名，只需在这里说，从中间17世纪的暴力时讨论这一问题开始，发展相吻合的道德神学与然论和其他概率系统；尽管这些系统只涉及一小部分的道德和道义上的真理，什麼是大吉比认为，这样广泛的对手之间的天主教道德，即然论提供了新的形态和新的精神对整个道德神学。

If there is question of a purely scientific explanation of moral theology which does not intend to exceed the limits of speculation, then the casuistical element is without doubt speculative, systematic discussion of the questions belonging to moral theology; casuistry then serves only to illustrate the theoretical explanations.

如果有问题，一个纯粹的科学解释的道德神学这并不打算超过限额的猜测，然后诡辩的因素是毫无疑问的投机性，系统性讨论的问题属於道德神学；诡辩然后只能说明理论解释。

If there is question of a purely scientific explanation of moral theology which does not intend to exceed the limits of speculation, then the casuistical element is without doubt speculative, systematic discussion of the questions belonging to moral theology; casuistry then serves only to illustrate the theoretical explanations.

如果有问题，是一个纯科学的解释，道德神学，其中并不打算超越界限的投机活动，那么casuistical元是毫无疑问的投机性，有系统地讨论这个问题属于道德神学；疑则只能说明理论解释。

Two works may here find mention which enjoyed a wider circulation than any other book on moral theology and which are frequently used even today: the Scavini's "Theologia moralis universa", and the shorter "Compendium theologi moralis" by Jean-Pierre Gury, together with the numerous revisions which appeared in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and North America.

两件作品可以在这里找到提及享有更广泛的流通比任何其他书的道德神学，这是经常使用即使在今天：该Scavini的&神学道德通用&，以及较短的&简神学道德&的让皮埃尔Gury ，连同众多的修改出现在法国，德国，意大利，西班牙，和北美。

The Apostolic See itself, or rather the Sacred Penitentiary, when asked,"Whether a professor of moral theology may quietly follow and teach the opinions which St. Alphonsus Liguori teaches in his Moral Theology", gave indeed an affirmative answer on 5 July, 1831; it added, however,"but those must not be reprehended who defend other opinions supported by the authority of reliable doctors".

使徒见本身，还是神圣感化，当被问及&，无论是教授的道德神学可能会悄悄地跟踪和教授的意见街阿利顾理教授在他的道德神学&了确实是一个肯定的回答关於1831年7月5日它补充说，不过，但这些绝不能reprehended谁保卫其他意见支持的权威，可靠的医生。

The Apostolic See itself, or rather the Sacred Penitentiary, when asked,"Whether a professor of moral theology may quietly follow and teach the opinions which St. Alphonsus Liguori teaches in his Moral Theology", gave indeed an affirmative answer on 5 July, 1831; it added, however,"but those must not be reprehended who defend other opinions supported by the authority of reliable doctors".

使徒见本身，或者更确切地说，神圣的监狱，当被问到&是否一位教授的道德神学可能悄悄跟随，并教意见，其中圣阿方liguori任教，在他的道德神学&，让确实是一个肯定的回答，对1831年7月5日它补充说，不过&，但这些决不能指责谁保卫其他意见，支持的权威可靠的医生&。

Ascetical theology, which has been separated from moral theology and mysticism, has for its subject-matter the striving after Christian perfection; it shows how Christian perfection may be attained by earnestly exercising and schooling the will, using the specified means both to avoid the dangers and allurements of sin and to practise virtue with greater intensity.

ascetical神学，它已经脱离道德神学和神秘主义，其主题事项而奋斗后，基督教完善，它表明基督教如何完善，可达到的，切实行使及就学意愿，用指定方式，以避免危险和诱惑的罪过和执业道德力度。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。