道德

His longing to malty Estella and join the upper classesstems from the same idealistic desire as his longing to learn to read and his fear of being punished for bad behavior:once heunderstands ideas like poverty,ignorance,and immorality,Pipdoes not want to be poor,ignorant,or immoral.

他渴望与艾丝黛拉结合，并进入上流社会；渴望学会识字，害怕因行为不良而受到惩罚，这都是他的理想主义在作怪：一旦他了解了什么是贫穷、无知、道德败坏，他就再不想做穷人，做一字不识或道德败坏的人。

At this point moral can facilitate with law by moralization of law into law instead of changing morality.

道德和法律可以沟通，只不过沟通的方式不是道德的法律化而是法律的道德化。

The social moralization was to be mainly conducted by the gentlemen, and the most important factors for the moralization were love and propriety in social behaviour.

推行道德教化的主体是君子，作为外在社会规范的&礼&和人的内在自我完善属性的&仁&则相辅相成，共同构成道德教化的主要内容。

It is more in accordance with the spirit of Mosaism than with that of Christianity when Christian morality is treated less as a doctrine of virtues than of laws and duties, and when by adding commandment to commandment, prohibition to prohibition, it gives us a full and shaken measure of moral rules instead of building up on the Christian spirit, deriving everything from it and pointing out all particular virtues in its light.

& （ 3 ）&，它更是按照精神mosaism远远超过与基督教的时候，基督教道德是较差的待遇作为一个中庸的美德，而不是法律和职责，以及何时加入戒律，以戒律，禁止禁止，它赋予我们充分和动摇衡量道德规则，而不是建立在基督教精神，所产生的一切从它指出了所有的美德，尤其是在其轻。

It is more in accordance with the spirit of Mosaism than with that of Christianity when Christian morality is treated less as a doctrine of virtues than of laws and duties, and when by adding commandment to commandment, prohibition to prohibition, it gives us a full and shaken measure of moral rules instead of building up on the Christian spirit, deriving everything from it and pointing out all particular virtues in its light.

& （ 3 ）&这是更符合精神Mosaism比与基督教在基督教道德是处理不到作为一个理论的美德，而不是法律和职责，以及何时加入诫，以戒律，禁止禁止，它使我们有充分和动摇衡量道德规则而不是建立在基督教精神，一切从产生，并指出特别是所有美德在其轻。

Jacob Emden at the middle of the eighteenth century wrote: Christianity has been given as part of the Jewish religion by the Apostles to the Gentile world; and its founder has even made the moral laws stricter than are those contained in Mosaism. There are, accordingly, many Christians of high qualities and excellent morals who keep from hatred and do no harm, even to their enemies.

雅各布emden在中间的十八世纪中写道：基督教已发出的一部分犹太宗教使徒们向gentile世界，而且它的创办人甚至道德法律更严格的比都包含在mosaism有，因此，许多基督徒的高品质和优良道德的人不断从仇恨和不伤害，甚至是他们的敌人，将基督信徒将所有活在符合其戒律！

Four factors together caused this:(1) the insistence of the anti Gnostic fathers, particularly Tertullian, that the faithful are those who believe "the faith" as stated in the "rule of faith", ie, the Creed;(2) the intellectualism of Clement and Origen, to whom pistis was just an inferior substitute for, and stepping stone to, gnosis of spiritual things;(3) the assimilation of biblical morality to Stoic moralism, an ethic not of grateful dependence but of resolute selfreliance;(4) the clothing of the biblical doctrine of communion with God in Neoplatonic dress, which made it appear as a mystical ascent to the supersensible achieved by aspiring love, having no link with the ordinary exercise of faith at all.

有4个因素共同造成了这一：（ 1 ）坚持战斗在反腐败的诺斯替父亲，尤其是戴尔都良，即忠诚，是那些相信&诚信为本&的声明，在&法治诚信&，即，信仰；（ 2 ）知识分子的克莱门特和渊源，向谁信实的只是一个劣质的替代品，并踏脚石，预后的精神的东西，（ 3 ）同化的圣经道德斯多葛道德主义，伦理不是感激的依赖，但坚决自立；服装的圣经教义与上帝在neoplatonic著装，这使得它似乎是一个神秘上升到supersensible实现抱负的爱，没有结合一般意义上的演练的信念都没有。

Four factors together caused this:(1) the insistence of the anti Gnostic fathers, particularly Tertullian, that the faithful are those who believe "the faith" as stated in the "rule of faith", ie, the Creed;(2) the intellectualism of Clement and Origen, to whom pistis was just an inferior substitute for, and stepping stone to, gnosis of spiritual things;(3) the assimilation of biblical morality to Stoic moralism, an ethic not of grateful dependence but of resolute selfreliance;(4) the clothing of the biblical doctrine of communion with God in Neoplatonic dress, which made it appear as a mystical ascent to the supersensible achieved by aspiring love, having no link with the ordinary exercise of faith at all.

有4个因素共同造成了这一：（ 1 ）坚持战斗在反腐败的诺斯替父亲，尤其是戴尔都良，即忠诚，是那些相信&诚信为本&的声明，在&法治诚信&，即，信仰；（ 2 ）知识分子的克莱门特和渊源，向谁信实的只是一个劣质的替代品，并踏脚石，预后的精神的东西，（ 3 ）同化的圣经道德斯多葛道德主义，伦理不是感激的依赖，但坚决自立；服装的圣经教义与上帝在neoplatonic着装，这使得它似乎是一个神秘上升到supersensible实现抱负的爱，没有结合一般意义上的演练的信念都没有。

Of value judgment and in the aspect of concrete ethical norms, thoughts of modern nationality transformation embodied the modern transformation from the three cardinal guides and the five constant virtues as specified in the feudal ethical code to the bourgoise morality of independence, freedomand equality,and finally to the socialist code of unity, mutual aid and coorperation, and furnished the concrete standards of conduct.On one hand, on the basis of modern transformation of social tendency of value judgement and moral norm, China modern bourgeois thinkers broke the feudal shackles in people's mind by attacking fierely such backward psychology as back to ancient , conservatism, passivity, nonaction, closing the country

在社会价值取向和道德规范近代转换的基础上，主张国民性改造的近代资产阶级思想家猛烈批判了复古、保守、消极萎缩、无为不争、闭关自守、虚矫伪饰以及被动依附的落后心理，打破了人们心灵的封建枷锁；另一方面，他们又通过多种方式大力弘扬重今、创新、竞争奋进、开放、务实、自主等近代社会心理，把个人主义、社会主义的价值原则和自由、平等、独立的近代道德规范转化为人们的心理自觉，为实现人们行为方式的近代转型打下了扎实的基础。

Are there any ethical values and principles that nonreligious individuals can live by?

是否存在能够支撑不信教者的道德价值和道德原则呢？

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。