道德

Kant and Hegel's subjective review toward the moral world shows that the change of the moral world view depends on two conditions: the loss of moral certainty and the shift of the moral world from apriorism to reality.

从康德和黑格尔对道德世界主观性的审查看，道德世界观的转变有赖于两个条件：道德确实性之丧失、道德世界从先验预设转向生活世界。

That is, I point out the corresponding relations between nationalism and careerism in Japanese moral education and collectivism and instrumental activism in Japanese esprit of modernization in order to make clear the actions of Japanese moral education on its modernization.

在总结日本道德教育的基本特点基础上，分析了日本道德教育与日本现代化精神结构之间的关系，即指出了日本道德教育中的国家主义与立身出世主义两条主线与日本现代化精神结构的中同族型集团主义与手段能动主义之间的对应关系，以明确日本道德教育对日本现代化的作用。

In that case, it needs the teacher to recognize the status in quo of idea morals education and its management, definitude the content of idea morals education and its management, and look for the countermeasure of idea morals education and its management.

在这种情况下，从事思想道德教育及其管理的教师就要认清思想道德教育及其管理的现状，明确思想道德教育及其管理的内容，并且寻找到思想道德教育及其管理的对策。

Historically speaking, in accordance with the three phases of collective subjectivity, individual subjectivity, and species subjectivity, there have been three moral patterns ---- normative ethics, individual subjective morality, and discourse ethics, corresponding to which are three moral education patterns respectively of didacticism, individual subjectivity, and communication.

历史地看，与人类社会发展的三个阶段--群体主体、个人主体和类主体相一致，依次也有三种不同的道德范型：规范伦理、个人主体道德和商谈伦理，与这三种道德范型对应的道德教育范型分别是灌输式的、个人主体式的、交往式的。

First,the aim of education as"human ideal"contains a strong sense of ethic;secondly,the moral of the educational subjects mainly refers to the morality of the teachers who gain their subjectivity in practice;thirdly,ethic functions in the process of education as adjuster,encourager and promoter;fourthly,morality is a key point in school work a...

一是作为"人类理想"的教育目的所蕴含的伦理意蕴，即追求优秀和卓越的美德精神、追求崇高和生命意义的人生智慧、追求他律与自律相统一的道德规范；二是教育主体的伦理规范主要指在实践的伦理道德问题中确证了教育主体地位的教师的道德原则；三是在教育过程中，存在着伦理调节、伦理激励、伦理升华等功能；四是伦理道德作为教育内容，是学校教育实践中的一个核心。

On the basis of the core values of respect and responsibility, Thomas lickona regards character education as the key content of moral cultivation of primary and middle school students, which is made up of moral awareness, moral emotion and ethical be havior.

托马斯。里克纳在确立尊重与责任为核心价值观的基础上，把由道德认知、道德体会与道德行为三要素有机结合而成的"品格教育"视为中小学生道德养成理论的核心内容。

However, the traditional education morality in school has the malpractice of heteronomy education existing the compulsion and model with outside.

道德自律作为个体的一种道德品格不是自成的而是生成的，这种生成是离不开有效的道德教育的，尤其学校道德教育肩负着重要的使命和责任。

If we go behind the ingrain of this problem, we should find that, the problem of school normal education either rests with the depart from the status of childrens main part, and ignores the basal fact that child can gain the knowledge and experiences when they join in the idiographic experience actions.

究其本质，学校道德教育的问题还在于德育偏移了儿童的主体地位，忽视了儿童在具体参与经验的过程中能获得道德知识和经验的基本事实，淡化了儿童道德思维训练和能力培养在儿童道德形成中的重要作用。

To enhance the effectiveness of training of Party member ethics, must establish is new-style " rule of virtue " view, hold the basic content of socialism and communistic morality character and feature, in daily life paradigmatic ground abides by social morals, the sentiment; with him exalted education strengthens professional ethics training,; of action of type of van of sufficient on one's job post play holds to integration of theory with practice, knowing and doing is unified, in the education in practice good moral character; holds to close tie masses, develop democracy, accept people self-consciously supervise, improve moral quality of the Party member.

为增强党员道德修养的有效性，必须确立新型的"德治"观，把握社会主义和共产主义道德品质的基本内容和特征，在日常生活中模范地遵守社会公德，培养自己高尚的情操；加强职业道德修养，在本职岗位上充分发挥先锋模范作用；坚持理论联系实际，知行统一，在实践中培养良好的道德品质；坚持密切联系群众，发扬民主，自觉接受人民群众的监督，提高党员的道德素质。

But in new period of social and economic transition, some university students have not established the consciousness of the healthy moral personality. Even some of them are indifferent to it, have a bad self-disciplining, worship the values of mammonism and individualism, have collective spirit and cooperative sense weaken and something like that. All of these kinds of defects in moral personality really trouble people.

但在社会转型、经济转轨的新时期，一些大学生远没有树立健康的道德人格意识，甚至有些大学生道德情感淡漠，道德自律性差，崇尚拜金主义和个人主义的价值观，集体观念和协作意识弱化，种种道德人格缺陷着实令人担忧。

No clear conclusions can be made about the predictie alidity of specific measures, they found, except for criteria for the underuse of drugs for cardioascular disease.

除了心血管病不合理用药标准外，对于特定评价方法的预测效度没有明确的结论。

The third and last is that almost all of them, being infinite in number, have been impostures, and by idle and crafty brains merely contrived and feigned after the event past.

第三、即最后一点是：几乎所有这些不胜枚举的预言都是欺人之谈，都是在事件过后由无聊而狡猾的脑筋推测与凭空捏造的。