道德

According to Piaget, Mead,and Kohlberg's theory , we could discover that the emergence and development of chid's morality reception in essence have a transformation stage from the moral realism to the moral heteronomy, then to the moral autonomy.

根据皮亚杰、米德、科尔伯格等人的理论可以发现儿童道德接受行为的产生与发展实质上是儿童从道德实在论向道德他律继而向道德自律的道德结构转换过程。

For the moral grounds of the thesis of self-ownership in intuitional level, Cohen argues that the moral intuition of aversion to slavery gives no cause for more criticism, but it can't follow that rejection of the thesis of self-ownership is tantamount to endorsement of slavery. And the moral intuition of not permitting others'deploying any part of one's own body by coersion can't motivate moral agents to identify the thesis of self-ownership. For the moral grounds of the thesis of self-ownership in theoretical level, Cohen argues that rejection of the thesis of self-ownership is neither tantamount to endorsement of treating people as means rather than as ends, nor tantamount to endorsement of threatening human autonomy.

就自我所有命题在直觉层面的道德依据，柯亨论证道，厌恶奴隶制这种道德直觉本无可厚非，但并不能据此得出拒绝自我所有命题就意味着对奴隶制的认可这个结论，而不允许他人强制使用自己身体的任一部分这种道德直觉，也不足以使道德主体去认同自我所有命题；就自我所有命题在理论层面的道德依据，柯亨论证道，拒绝自我所有命题不仅不意味着以手段而非目的来对待人们，而且也不意味着对人类自主的限制。

Ethics is an essential factor in literature aesthetic characteristics. Both literature and ethics are rooted in social life. Ethics embodied in literature is the need of both human beings and the society. Literature is the "emotionalization" of ethics, and ethics is the content of emotion.

认为道德关怀是文学审美品格中不可缺少的因素，文学与道德以社会生活为基础；文学表现道德是人类自身和社会的需要；文学描写生活离不开表现道德，文学是道德的"情化"，道德是情感的内容。

On this basis, some philosophers suggest that general moral rules can be derived from reason, according to Kantian ethical rationalism, or by intuition, according to ethical intuitionism.

也有道德学家认为，应从具体的道德事实出发，然后上升为较为宽泛的原则〔如罗斯的直观通俗理论〕。道德学中的另一问题，是如何证明一种道德信仰的合理性，及如何变道德信仰为道德知识。

Mainly through three channels to accomplish. That is to improve the subjectivity of the moral person, to develop a self-constructed moral practice; to concern about the development of the moral person; to form a lifelong moral lifeline, to attach importance to relationship of the moral person, to construct the omnitude of moral life arena.

主要通过三个方面的途径来完成，即完美主体性的道德人，养成自主建构的道德实践；关注发铺中的道德人，形成终生性的道德性命线；重视关系中的道德人，建构全域性的道德生涯场。

Beginning with some interesting reflections on the nature of moral judgment -- among the conclusions here are that it "has not always been taken as a bland general synonym for moral decisions and that it need not be"(76)-- Inwood proceeds to consider Seneca's contribution to the formulation of the concept.

这篇文章开篇对道德的本质进行了有趣的反思，其中一个论点是道德判断和道德决断并非总是大体同义的词，道德判断不必等同于道德决断（76），接下去Inwood分析了塞雷卡对厘清道德判断概念的贡献，但他的这一分析极其微妙。

Beginning with some interesting reflections on the nature of moral judgment -- among the conclusions here are that it "has not always been taken as a bland general synonym for moral decisions and that it need not be"(76)-- Inwood proceeds to consider Seneca\'s contribution to the formulation of the concept. His take on the matter is nuanced.

这篇文章开篇对道德的本质进行了有趣的反思，其中一个论点是道德判断和道德决断并非总是大体同义的词，道德判断不必等同于道德决断（76），接下去Inwood分析了塞雷卡对厘清道德判断概念的贡献，但他的这一分析极其微妙。

Via the investigation on the subjects such as philosophy of moral education, semasiology, logic, anthropology, psychology and so on, the author thinks that the ultimate goal is to cultivate the value character of our students. This character is an "attitude" dynamic system which consists of the subsystems such as "Moral Cognition","Moral Emotion","Moral Behavior", etc. It is built on the basis of our traditional culture, which focuses on three dimensions of "learn to be","leam together" and "leam to act". And it embodies the respect-responsibility (individual to himself, to others, to society, to nature and so on) value which is the students' core character as well as the goal of education that our moral education should pursue.

透过道德教育哲学、语义学、逻辑学、人类学、心理学等多学科的考察，论文认为，学校道德教育的根本目的在于培养受教育者的德性品质；受教育者的品格是由&道德认知&、&道德情感&、&道德行为&等子系统组成的&态度&动力系统；建立在传统文化基础上，围绕&立身&、&处世&、&行事&三个维度，体现&尊重—责任&关系（生命个体对自己、他人、社会、自然等）价值观，既是受教育者核心品格，也是学校道德教育应该追求的教育目标。

The morality between Spartans and Helots, between planters and negroes, between princes and subjects, between nobles and roturiers, between men and women, has been for the most part the creation of these class interests and feelings: and the sentiments thus generated, react in turn upon the moral feelings of the members of the ascendant class, in their relations among themselves.

例如斯巴达人与其赫劳特农奴之间的道德、殖民者与黑人之间的道德、君主与臣民之间的道德、贵族与平民之间的道德、以至男人与女人之间的道德，便大部分是那些阶级利益和阶级优越感的创造物；而这样产生出来的情操反过来又对优势阶级的成员们自己相互关系中的道德情绪起作用。

It is the moral gurantee for carrying out the plan of "Governing China through morality", the moral prerequisite for the great revival of Chinese Nation, the moral basis to put into practice the important thoughts of "threerepresentatives", the moral support for the healthy development of socialist market economy, the moral cornerstone of solidating the ideological defensive line of the leadership, and the moral choice to advocate and inherit the tradition of administrating through morality.

它是落实&以德治国&方略的道德保障，是实现中华民族伟大复兴的道德条件，是实践&三个代表&重要思想的道德基础，是筑牢领导干部思想防线的道德基石，是保证社会主义市场经济健康发展的道德支撑，是继承和发扬&为政以德&优良传统的道德选择。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。