逼近的

College of Guandong Business, Guanzhou 510320, China）Abstract: Since large-scale vertical quench furnace is voluminous, whose working condition is a typically complex process with distributed parameter, nonlinear, multi-inputs/multi-outputs, close coupled variables, etc, dynamically decoupling control algorithm of temperature distributed parameter system in the furnace was presented, by which the whole system was decoupled to several subsystems and the implementation of controller was simplified. With finite difference approximation, the space and time step size was solved to ensure the convergency of finite difference approximation. After decoupling, the subsystems were controlled with self-learning PID control algorithm. The results show that the temperature control precision and homogeneity are improved; the overshoot and process in temperature rising period are reduced simultaneity.

摘 要：针对大型立式淬火炉体积庞大，工况复杂，炉内温度分布呈本征非均匀性，具有多输入/多输出、非线性、强耦合等特性，难以实现炉内温度高精度高均匀性控制目标等问题，提出一种温度分布参数系统动态解耦控制算法，其原理是：采用有限维逼近方法将对象解耦为多个独立的子系统，简化控制器的实现过程；通过分析有限维逼近方法的收敛性，获得保证收敛性的空间和时间步长应满足的条件；解耦后的子系统采用自学习PID控制算法，实现炉内温度高精度和高均匀性控制以及升温过程的快速性和小超调。

Then, the system is linearized by variational approach, the local null controllability is proved by applying a generalized implicit function theorem and combining the good property of the solution mapping.

首先通过对系统线性化，构造泛函，利用对偶方程，给出控制函数具体形式的办法得到系统的逼近能控性；然后采用变分方法对系统线性化，再结合解映射好的性质，应用推广的隐函数定理，证明系统的局部零能控性；最后利用局部零能控性和逼近能控性结合给出系统零能控的结论。

There have been a lot of studies this aspect when the exact solution u∈H~2 or u∈H~3. [4], [52] and [50]studied the convergence of conforming linear triangle elements with minimal regularity assumptions u∈H~4, here u is the solutions of the second order elliptic problems. However, their is another vital deficiency of the previous studies, i.e., they relies on the regularity assumption or quasi-uniform assumption on the subdivision of meshes.

对二阶问题，构造了一个新的单元格式，当其精确解具有低正则性时，在不要求网格满足正则假设或拟一致假设的条件下，我们得到了最优误差估计，与[33]相比，我们的证明方法较为简单；对于Stokes问题，研究五节点非协调矩形元对它的逼近，通过引入全新的估计方法，给出了关于速度、压力的超逼近性质。

The nonlinear items only satisfy the local Lipschitz condition, but not the uniformly Lipschitz condition. The step function is applied to the approximate controllability problem of the corresponding linear system.

这类非线性系统中的非线性项只满足局部Lipschitz条件，于是采用了阶梯函数的方法，对于热传导方程的逼近能控性进行了讨论，得到了线性系统的逼近能控性，并给出了控制的显式表达，而在文献[103]中控制的具体求法是未知的。

At first, an approximated mathematical model is presented. Then, the system manager can compute the optimal control policy via the method of successive approximation. Based on the above-mentioned algorithm, we design an intelligent system with feedback control to regulate the allocation of limited channels of trunk circuit. This system will continuously detect the status of whole cellular network. Once the system parameters cross the predefined threshold, the recomputing mechanism will be activated.

首先针对系统的近似数学模型先將其定义出来，然后就可以用连续逼近法將最佳控管决策计算出来，这样的最佳决策演算法我们把它设计在一个有迴授机制的智慧型决策系统裹，此决策系统將不断地侦测行动通讯网路运作的情形，一旦网路参数变化超过某个预定的临界值时，整个最佳决策演算法將被启动，系统的近似数学模型將依新的参数重新定义，接下来同样地写出最佳方程式並用连续逼近法计算出新的最佳控管决策。

According to the typical fuzzy concepts,such as eutrophication level of water environmental quality and the unideal and ideal water quality stations,a technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution based on fuzzy set was presented and was used in the comprehensive assessment of water environmental quality.

基于传统的逼近于理想解的技术，根据水环境质量的富营养化程度和待评价的水环境质量检测点的不理想与理想这些典型的模糊概念，提出了基于模糊集合的逼近理想解法，并应用于水环境质量综合评价。

The TST was applied to multi-scaling vector to increase it's approximation order, and with PR condition, the dual of transformed multi-scaling vector was obtained. Then the special TST was taken for this dual, the dual of original multi-scaling vector with higher approximation order obtained, finally the multi-wavelet function with higher vanishing moment maybe constructed.

我们先对已知的尺度向量进行双尺度相似变换，以提高其逼近阶，再求出变换后的尺度向量的对偶，对这个对偶再进行特定的双尺度相似变换，就可得到原尺度向量的有高逼近阶的对偶，从而可能得到具有高阶消失矩的多小波函数。

Firstly, an empirical approximation model of stochastic programming is obtained by replacing the probability measure of original program with empirical probability measure. Sequentially, the constrained stochastic programming is transformed into an equivalent unconstrained stochastic programming. Finally, using the epi-convergence theory, the almost everywhere upper semiconvergence of optimal solution set of empirical approximations for stochastic programming is obtained.

首先通过经验概率测度替代初始规划的概率测度得到随机规划的经验逼近模型，然后将带有约束的随机规划问题转化成与其等价的无约束的随机规划问题，最后利用上图收敛性理论，给出了随机规划经验逼近最优解集的几乎处处上半收敛性。

Obstruents—stops and fricatives----classified as voicedare voiced through only a small part of the articulation when they occur at the end of an utterance or before a voiceless sound.2,so-called voiced stops and affricates/b,d/are voiceless when syllable initial,except when immediately preceded by a voiced sound 3,the approximants/w,r/are at least partially voiceless when they occur after initial /p,k/This is due to the overlapping of the gesture required for aspiration with the voicing gesture required for the approximant.

1 ， Obstruents站和fricatives ----列为表达的通过表示只有一小部分的衔接当他们出现在年底的话语或之前清音。 2 ，所谓表示停止与affricates / B辑，数/音节时有发言权的初始，除非立即之前表示无害 3 ，逼近/ w中，俄/至少部分是无声这种情况发生时经初步/磷，钾/这是由于重叠的手势所需的愿望与呼声姿态所需逼近。

We give all of these properties by means of theorems, and also give detail proofs. In the most important theorem, we give the relation between singularity and jumps and sharp cusps neighborhood. and the threshold detection of jumps and sharp cusps, and the relation between threshold and scales, where we partly resolve an open problem put forward by some researcher.

在最关键的定理中，给出了奇异性与突变点和尖点的领域的关系，以及突变点和尖点的阀值检测法，以及阀值和尺度的关系，这部分的解决了以前研究者提出的一个公开问题，同时研究了逼近程度和逼近理论，这在已有的基础上又向前进了一步。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。