逻辑的实证主义

However,the European,with deeply rooted tradition of atomic theory,stuck to the principle of positivism.

可是 ，具有根深蒂固原子论传统的欧罗巴人，信守逻辑实证主义的思维原则，在人体解剖实验的基础上，利用还原分析和实验求证的方法，使古希腊医学从思辨走向描述和结构时代，这是顺乎逻辑的自然发展。

Logical atomism that has some significance more or less which requires us to think about seriously, like any significant philosophical ideology includes three points:(1) logical atomism developed Ernst March's comtism;(2) It directly affected Vienna Circle on behalf of logical comtism and the philosophy of language analysis;(3) It suggested the scientific realistic approach and rational approach.fourth, the difficult and reason of searching certain knowledge of logical atomism.

逻辑原子主义同历史上任何有影响的哲学思想一样，或多或少有一些价值值得我们认真对待和参考，主要包括三点：(1)逻辑原子主义发展了马赫的实证主义；(2)它直接影响了以维也纳学派为代表的逻辑实证主义和后来的语言分析哲学；(3)它体现了科学的求实精神和理性精神。四、逻辑原子主义寻求确定性知识的困难及其原因考察。

Logical positivism was a quite influential school in the west at the beginning of twentieth century.

逻辑实证主义的塞本原则逻辑实证主义对经验的主张体现在意义证实原则上。

Discussions, aspects of this belief are called Logical Positivism…and

种信仰被称为逻辑的实证主义，有时候是唯物主义，还有的时候是自然

Scientific view of logical positivism is a strong positivism scientific view, which makes an out-and-out positivism understanding not only on the structure and infrastructure of scientific theory, but also on the method, target and development mode of science.

本论文通过对逻辑实证主义科学观的探讨，认为逻辑实证主义的科学观是一种很强的实证主义的科学观，无论是关于科学理论的结构或基础，还是关于科学的方法、目标和发展模式，逻辑实证主义者都作了不折不扣的实证主义的理解。

There are two most notable features for the science outlook of positivism taking the logical positivism for representative: one is positivism; the other is scientism.

以逻辑实证主义为代表的实证主义科学观有两个最显著的特征：一是实证主义；二是科学主义。

The positivist religion is a logical consequence of the principles of Positivism.

在实证主义的宗教是合乎逻辑的后果，实证原则。

In the aspect of the Philosophy of Language, Montague Grammar inherited Frege's theory of meaning, Russell's theory of reference, Carnap's theory of verification, Goodman's Modern Realism, Tarski's theory of truth, Kripke's semantics of possible worlds of modal logic, etc, and opens up a new direction in the study of Formal Semantics of natural language; in the aspect of Theoretic Linguistics, Montague was influenced by Chomsky's research idea about the formal treatment of the syntax in natural language and extended it to the semantic study of natural language; Montague Grammar has two theoretic sources: One is the Logical Semantics and Intensional Type Theory in Logic, and the other is Categorial Grammar and Transformative Generative Grammar in Linguistics.

在语言哲学方面它继承了弗雷格的意义论，罗素的指称论，卡尔纳曾的实证主义，古德曼的现代实在论，塔斯基的语义学真理论，克里普克的模态逻辑可能世界语义学的传统，开辟了自然语言形式语义学研究的新方向；在理论语言学方面，他受乔姆斯基形式化语言研究思想的影响，并把这一思想扩展到自然语言的语义研究方面；蒙太格语法的理论来源有两个方面：逻辑方面是逻辑语义学思想和内涵类型论理论，语言学方面是范畴语法和转换生成语法。

It concludes that Quine's philosophy has notescaped the captivity of scientism,however,he tried to integrate pragmatism andlogical positivism.As a result,Quine made logical positivism turn from anarrow and rigid empiricism to a pragmatistic one.The pragmatistic positivismwas soon accepted by many philosophers and preluded to new pragmatism.

认为，尽管蒯因哲学在科学认识论问题上尚未完全脱离科学主义的囚禁，但他在语言哲学的理论框架下把实用主义与逻辑实证主义结合到一起，使逻辑实证主义从一种过于狭隘、过于僵硬的经验主义过渡到一种实用主义的、约定论的经验主义，这种实用主义化了的逻辑实证主义很快为人们接受并成为新实用主义兴起的序幕

Many logical positivists and analytic philosophers have argued that the problem with theism is not one of evidence or argument, but of meaning and logical coherence.

许多逻辑实证主义和分析哲学家认为，这个问题与有神论，是没有一个证据或论据，但意义和逻辑的连贯性。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。