逻辑的

Just as he used logic to describe the foundations of mathematics in Principia Mathematica , Russell would use logic to clarify philosophy, through his concept of logical atomism, and linguistics, through his theory of descriptions.

正如他所使用的逻辑描述的基础数学中的数学原理，罗素将使用的逻辑，以澄清理念，通过他的逻辑原子主义的概念，与语言学，通过他的理论说明。

The author points out: if lots of the conflicts of philosophical foundation the 20th century's quantum mechanics faced with, well-known to everybody, should be logically attributed to the confusions of the some fundamental concepts in the classical electromagnetic field theory, the series of logic inconsistencies implied in the classical electromagnetic theory and the forms of difficulties the modern computational electromagnetism encounters while solving time-varying electromagnetic field should be also logically attributed to an anomalous fact that series of fundamental mathematical propositions relating with bispinor differential operator, which naturally appears in the formal expression about dynamic electromagnetic field, have not be solved really while the related complete mathematic physical models or well posed boundary value problems have not been built.

著者指出：如果说20世纪的量子力学之所以面对哲学基础众所周知的矛盾，在逻辑上最终不能不归咎于经典电磁场理论体系的一些基本概念并没有真正得到澄清的话，那么，经典电磁场理论体系隐含的众多逻辑不自洽问题与目前计算动态电磁场所面对的困境，则必须逻辑地归咎于与双旋度微分算子相关的一系列基本数学命题并没有解决，而相关的恰当数学物理模型至今没有真正建立起来的缘故。

Frege's thought of philosophy of logic is the theoretical support ofhis thought system.A new logical system created by Frege is the support of his thoughtof philosophy of logic.As a tool of proof and a deductive method,it is used not only tosolve the mathematical problems but also used as a tool to remould philosophy.

弗雷格的逻辑哲学思想是他的思想体系的理论支撑，他创造的一种新的逻辑体系是其逻辑哲学思想的支撑，作为论证工具、推论方法，不仅去解决数学问题，又把它作为改造哲学的有力工具。

Using the infinite product of unevenly distributed probability space with potential of 3, the concept of formula truth degree was introduced into the Gdel 3-valued propositional logic system. Moreover, it was proved that in the 3-value (1/4, 1/2, 1/4), measure the set of truth of degree of propositions was dense in [0, 1], and a general expression of truth degree was obtained, providing a basis for further developing approximate reasoning of 3-valued propositional logic system.

利用势为3的非均匀概率空间的无穷乘积，在Gdel三值命题逻辑系统中引入公式的真度概念，在三值逻辑(四分之一，二分之一，四分之一)测度下证明G3中全体公式的真度值之集在[0， 1]上是稠密的，并给出公式真度的表达通式，为进一步在三值命题逻辑系统中展开近似推理奠定基础。

It introduces the basic knowledge and ideas of mathematical logic and classic set theory, including proposition logic and predicate logic, reasoning calculus and theorem proving methods, basic operations and properties of sets and relations, functions of any sets and their properties, the cardinals of infinite sets, and the applications of knowledge and ideas above in computer sciences.

本课程系统介绍数理逻辑与朴素集合论的基础知识，包括：命题逻辑和谓词逻辑、定理的推理演算和机器证明方法，集合和二元关系的基本运算和性质、任意集合中的函数及其性质，无穷集合的基数，以及上述知识在计算机科学中的应用。

Scientific view of logical positivism is a strong positivism scientific view, which makes an out-and-out positivism understanding not only on the structure and infrastructure of scientific theory, but also on the method, target and development mode of science.

本论文通过对逻辑实证主义科学观的探讨，认为逻辑实证主义的科学观是一种很强的实证主义的科学观，无论是关于科学理论的结构或基础，还是关于科学的方法、目标和发展模式，逻辑实证主义者都作了不折不扣的实证主义的理解。

The logic of linguistic communication aims at solving the natural language phenomenon in daily life,supplying further the logic theory of normal expression and understanding,which is the fruit of combination among modem logic,grammar and rhetoric,developing gradually along with the uprising of modem syntactics,semantics and pragmatics .

语言交流的逻辑旨在处理日常的自然语言现象，进而提供日常表达和理解的逻辑理论，它是现代的逻辑、语法和修辞相结合的产物，是伴随着现代的语形学、语义学和语用学的兴起而逐步发展起来的。

The results from statistic data analysis using the statistic software SPSS15.0 for descriptive statistics, chi-square evaluation, laddered logistic regression, factors analysis, credibility analysis, variables analysis, and multiple comparison are as follows: I. An analysis of the prominently related variables with whether or not to receive cervical smear screen of tendency factors, enabling factors and needs factors by using the logistic regression model was performed.: 6 variables of tendency factors with predictive value as to whether a woman receive cervical smear screen or not include age, marital status, educational level, family structure, religion, and the knowledge of free smear examination offered by mandatory citizen health insurance; 4 variables with enabling factors with predictive value include average monthly income, district, whether receiving telephone or letter notices in the past year, and the degree of convenience of the examination location. One variable of needs factors with predictive value: is the suitability of the examination time notified. The accuracy rate of laddered logistic regression model built by this research was 74.1%.

利用统计软体SPSS15.0进行描述性统计、卡方检定、阶层式逻辑斯回归、因素分析、信度分析、变异数分析、多重比较等统计方法分析，根据统计资料分析结果：经卡方检定后，将倾向、能用、需要因素中具有显著相关变项与是否接受抹片检查，放入逻辑斯回归预测模型中，本研究结果发现：倾向因素中的六个变项：年龄、婚姻状况、教育程度、家庭结构、宗教信仰、是否知道健保提供免费抹片检查对受检与否具有预测力；能用因素中的四个变项：平均月收入、地区别、过去一年内是否接到电话或信函通知、收到通知的受检地点是否方便对受检与否具有预测力；需要因素中的一个变项：收到通知的受检时间是否合适对受检与否具有预测力；本研究所建立的阶层逻辑斯回归模型的整体预测正确率为74.1﹪。

It concludes that Quine's philosophy has notescaped the captivity of scientism,however,he tried to integrate pragmatism andlogical positivism.As a result,Quine made logical positivism turn from anarrow and rigid empiricism to a pragmatistic one.The pragmatistic positivismwas soon accepted by many philosophers and preluded to new pragmatism.

认为，尽管蒯因哲学在科学认识论问题上尚未完全脱离科学主义的囚禁，但他在语言哲学的理论框架下把实用主义与逻辑实证主义结合到一起，使逻辑实证主义从一种过于狭隘、过于僵硬的经验主义过渡到一种实用主义的、约定论的经验主义，这种实用主义化了的逻辑实证主义很快为人们接受并成为新实用主义兴起的序幕

To Bao Yarning , however , the logic of consumerism not only becomes the logic of our social space operation , but also the cultural logic dominating the daily life .

包亚明认为，消费主义的逻辑不仅成为了社会运用空间的逻辑，而且也成为了主导日常生活的文化逻辑；在全球城市的风景背后，精英阶层的消费文化&诉求&已经被合理化，自然化为与世界接轨的先决条件。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。