逻辑的

The course contains four sections as follows: mathematical logic (including basic concepts of propositional logic and predicate logic, propositional calculuses and inference theories), set theory (including set algebras, relations, functions and cardinal numbers), algebraic structure (including algebraic systems, semigroups and groups, rings and fields, lattices and Boolean algebras), graph theory (including basic concepts of graph, Euler graphs and Hamiltonian graphs, trees, planar graphs and coloring graphs, some special vertex subsets and edge subsets).

本课程包含四部分内容：数理逻辑（包含命题逻辑与一阶逻辑的基本概念、等值演算以及推理理论），集合论（包含集合代数、二元关系、函数和基数），代数结构（包含代数系统、半群与群、环与域、格与布尔代数），图论（包含图的基本概念、欧拉图与哈密顿图、树、平面图及图的着色、图的某些特殊的顶点子集与边子集）。

Secondly, with the reference of the fuzzy properties of FD and the severe defaults of two-value logic model, FL is introduced to design a general Fuzzy Logic Fault Diagnostic program. This program is used in Fuzzy Pattern Recognition of fuzzy logic diagnostic model.

鉴于故障诊断的模糊性和二值逻辑的严重缺陷，引入模糊逻辑，编制了一个通用模糊诊断程序，对基于模糊逻辑的诊断模型进行模糊模式识别，根据用模糊语言表述的故障征兆，得出发生各种故障的隶属度。

In terms of this framework, we have designed a pointer logic system for a subset of C language. The style of this logic is something like the style of Hoare logic. It can be used for accurate pointer analysis of pointer programs. The information from the analysis can be used to prove the side conditions of typing rules and then to support static type checking of programs.

根据这个框架，我们为C语言的一个子集设计了一种指针逻辑系统，该逻辑系统的形式和Hoare逻辑的形式类似，它可用来对指针程序进行精确的指针分析，所获得信息用来证明指针程序是否满足定型规则的附加条件，以支持程序的静态类型检查。

Philosophy can advance unceasingly logical meticulosity. The reason comes from the interaction of laws of the subjective and objective world. Philosophy can use the way of logical reflect and state the objective world rule. The reason lies in the logical principle of the thought as the spirit intermediary links up the thought rule and the objective world rule.

哲学之所以能不断地推进逻辑的缜密性，原因来自主客观世界规律的相互作用，哲学能用逻辑的方式反映和陈述客观世界的规律，在于思维的逻辑法则是贯通思维规律和客观世界规律的精神中介。

The structure and process in PI is similarly to deduction in logic. But PI has much richer structures than predicate calculus. It is a complex of logic and psychology.

PI的结构与过程类似于逻辑中的演绎推理，但它的可取之处在于它可以提供比谓词逻辑更加丰富的结构形式，它是心理学与逻辑的综合。

Logical reasoning is the basis of artificial intelligence, the first-order predicate logic belonging to logic is a knowledge representation widely used, therefore,it is a meaningful task to study the reasoning problem of first-order predicate logic .

逻辑推理是人工智能的基础，而逻辑中的一阶谓词逻辑是使用较为广泛的知识表示方法，因此研究一阶谓词逻辑的推理问题是一项很有意义的工作。

Analysis is conducted on model checking for three valued logic formulae of modal transition system using existing model checking techniques. We reduce the three valued logic model checking problem for modal transition system to the two valued model checking problem under Kripke structure. This reduction is linear in the number of states, size of transition relations, and number of atomic propositional formulae in the new formed model compared with those in the original model. It does not increase the comple...

分析了现有的模型检验技术应用于模态转移系统的三值逻辑公式的模型检验中存在的问题·提出了把模态转移系统转换成Kripke结构的算法以及三值逻辑公式转换成2个二值逻辑的算法，经过转换后可用现有的模型检验技术进行模型检验·用该算法转换后，状态数、转移数和原子命题数目与原模型呈线性关系，没有增加模型检验的复杂度

This system is a kind of Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems which based on work flow technique, and it uses standard WPDL language to agilely define the check flow in designing process.

本系统是一种基于工作流技术的计算机集成制造系统CIMS（Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems），它使用标准的WPDL语言灵活地定义图纸设计过程中的校审流程，逻辑关系包含了基本的顺序关系、分支关系和循环关系，进而能表达各种更为复杂的逻辑关系，即实现了逻辑的完备性。

At first, this paper expounds the order relation and first order logic properties of time axes. Secondly, this paper axiomatically models that using Tense Logic and dynamic logic, which aims at reflecting the properties of axes in fine grain by logical analysis.

随后分别用经典的时态逻辑Tense Logic和动态逻辑对时态数据库的时间轴进行了公理化建模，这样刻画的目的是为了&细精度&地体现时间轴的特点，并借助逻辑的方法对其分析。

The first, based on the realistic logic, depicts the intrinsic connection between things. It is enabled to possess tractility of time by enumerating, juxtaposing and combining the time and space.

现实的、逻辑的时空建构是以客观现实的逻辑为基础，画中描绘的事物有一种内在联系即内在的逻辑关系，是对现实的时间、空间进行罗列、并置、组合，使之具有延续性和延展性。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新