逻辑的

Discuss the relationship between fuzzy logic and probabilistic logic by comparing PL with the fuzzy logic based on distributive lattice with a boundary element and make clear some indiscriminations about this problem.

7给出值域为布尔代数的格值逻辑的概率解释；相对于值域为含分界元分配格的模糊逻辑作比较，讨论了模糊逻辑和概率逻辑的密切关系和根本区别，并据此澄清了逻辑文献中关于这一问题的某些混淆。

A comparative study of two logic systems should base on the analysis of their historical background and the interpretation of their cultural host;(2) The Mohist logic depend on Pre Qin culture of China and Aristotelean logic was embedded in Hellenism of Hellenistic Age;(3) In view of these two logic systems being the ...

墨家逻辑依托于先秦文化，亚里士多德逻辑依托于古希腊文化。两种文化有不同的特征和需求。不同文化的特征和需求，产生了两种不同的逻辑。两种逻辑的差异主要表现为：目的与任务不同，逻辑特征不同，主导的推理类型不同，推理成分的分析不同，后续发展状况不同。

Related new concepts include: proposition and predicate calculus of transition logic, excitation factors and transition conditions, star algorithm and its model in pansystems analysis, pansystem logic space, pans-ystem logic extending reasoning principle, dynamical yinyang logic, etc.

有关的新概念有：转移逻辑的命题演算与谓词演算，激活因素与转移条件，星算法及其泛系分析模型，泛系逻辑空间，泛系逻辑延拓推理和动态阴阳逻辑。

It is well known that first-order logic and axiom set theory are two part of the whole mathematical logic.

众所周知，一阶逻辑与公理集合论是数理逻辑的两个组成部分，其中，一阶逻辑是数理逻辑的基础部分。

Proposition logic takes the proposition as the fundamental research object mathematization logical system,propo- sition logic is the mathematical logic foundation,also is the theoretical basic of computer science and the technical.

命题逻辑是一个以命题为基本研究对象的数学化的逻辑系统，命题逻辑是数理逻辑的基础，也是计算机科学与技术的理论基础。

From the point of modern logic, the logic developed from traditional logic to classical symbolic logic then to non-classical logic.

从现代逻辑学的视野来看，逻辑学从古至今经历着从传统逻辑到经典逻辑再到非经典逻辑的发展过程。20世纪80年代以来，非经典逻辑在计算机科学和人工智能领域获得了基础性的地位。

Comparing withHayek's theory on society method, I believe constitution litigationmechanism must considering the following conclusion in modelingconstitutional method: first, the acquiring of constitutional method isusually effects system vicissitudes. Although constitutional arbitramentcan form definite constitutional method, it can't achieve perduringsubstantial results level of method; secondly, constitutional method isformed virtually by the mixture of two kind of potence, and one is socialpotence, the other is governmental potence. The constitutional method'srationality in logic structure rests directly with the wrestling process ofconstitutional logic and social process. Constitutional method is more akind of simulative conformation of natural logic and social logic, itforms by the wrestling of government, public, legislature andconstitution judging organ. Fourthly, the maintenance of constitutionalmethod depends on the inner power sustained by faith and exteriorpower coming from the background of compulsion. Fifthly,constitutional method itself is a dynamic structure, and it's realizingquomodo and vindicating means is being in vicissitude, however, it canonly provide condition and inspiritment.

对照哈耶克的社会秩序理论，笔者认为，宪法诉讼机制在型构宪政秩序时必然要照顾到以下结论：其一，宪政秩序的取得，往往是一个制度自然变迁的结果，宪法裁决虽然也可能在短期内形成一定的宪法秩序，不过却无法强行地达到一个较大范围内持久的秩序实效水准；其二，宪政秩序实际上是由两种力量交合而成的，一是社会力量，一是政府力量，宪政秩序的逻辑结构的合理性直接取决于宪法逻辑和社会逻辑之间的博弈过程；其三，宪政秩序更多的是一种对自然逻辑和社会逻辑的模拟形态，是经由政府、公众、立法机关与宪法裁判机构的合作博弈而形成的，宪法诉讼的功用至多在于提供博弈规则，以实现纳什均衡；其四，宪政秩序的维护主要依靠来自信念支持的内部力量与来自强制背景的外部力量；其五，宪政秩序本身是一个动态的、常新的结构，其实现方式与维护手段也处于不断变迁之中，但无论如何，宪法诉讼机制所能提供的只是制约与激励两种。

The truth condition of intensional logical formulas was worked out according to the model-theoretic definition of Intensional Logic.

MG将内涵逻辑引入语义研究，语义表达式是内涵逻辑式，从句子到内涵逻辑的转变由翻译规则来完成，然后再按照内涵逻辑的模型论定义求出翻译句的内涵逻辑式的真值条件。

Therefore ,it is helpful to recognize the character of six chapters in Mo Zi and promote the new progress of the logic of Moism and Chinese logical history that review and summarize the research of logic of Moism in recent twenty years and explore the method of the contemporary scholars' research of logic of Moism .

因此，对近二十年国内墨辩逻辑研究进行回顾与总结、探究当代学者研究墨辩逻辑的方法，有助于认识墨辩的性质，对于推动墨辩逻辑和中国逻辑史研究的新进展具有重要意义。

Classic system of deontic logic is a logic about action whose new development will introduce agent concept and occas-sion concept in this system;at the same time the negative concepts will have different understandings in the deontic system and some special action concepts in relation to the negative concepts will have some special meanings.

道义逻辑的经典系统是关于行动的逻辑。这种逻辑发展的新思路是在其系统中引入主体和场合概念；同时对正规逻辑的否定概念在道义系统中作了不同的理解；和否定概念相关的一些特殊的行动概念在行动逻辑中有其特定的意义。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。