逻辑主义

Since over one century, especially in the latest 50 years, philosophy of science has developed continuously, from the logical positivism in the past to the constructivism, the main trend in the contemporary era. The connotation of the science essence has also experienced a great change.

一个多世纪以来，特别是近五十年来，科学哲学得到了不断发展，已由过去的逻辑实证主义转向为当代主流的建构主义，科学本质的内涵发生了巨大改变。

And the theoretical base and research methods are, with the guidance of the Marxism, the Dialectical Materialism and the Historical Materialism, primarily utilizing the Logical positivism and the Theory of Institution Changes and the Organization Theory to analyze the core values of Socialism, the Village and its evolution, the New Socialist Village and its construction.

本文的理论依据和研究方法是以组织理论、社会学和马克思主义(马克思辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义)为理论基础，主要运用逻辑实证法，并一定程度上借助于制度变迁理论以及现代生物进化论的成果，对农村的本质及其演化、社会主义的核心价值观、社会主义新农村及其建设规律进行全面系统的分析。

One day, I heard my uncle tell the assistant mudir that his lack of faith in the West arose from the simple fact that the white man couldn't make electricity shock-free.

叔叔这种无论是在神学上还是逻辑上都站不住脚的怀疑主义，其实是建立在"西方科技永远无法达到完美"这样的一种认知之上的。

That distinguishes them from aestheticism in the usual sense(the aesthetics that highlights the conflicts and tension between rationality and perception). It is in this regard that the Nietzschean theory of art provides a complete artistic perspective and logical framework for secularized understanding of Life, the World and Being.

不过，尼采艺术论所具有的现代性意义十分特殊，它以极端的方式突出了生命与超生命者的冲突与紧张，这使它与通常意义上的审美主义(突出理性与感性的冲突和紧张)区别开来，从而在整体上提供了一种彻底世俗化的理解生命、世界和存在的艺术视角与逻辑构架。

One of the main reasons of this problem arising is that humanism and historicism oppugn the traditional explanation of rationality of science. In their opinions, the base of rationality of science is not objective demonstration and logic but subjective "human nature".

这一问题凸显的一个主要原因就在于，20世纪以来的人本主义与历史主义对传统的占支配地位的科学合理性解释提出了种种质疑，在他们看来，科学合理性的基础并非像传统观点所认为的那样在于客观的实证与逻辑，而在于主观的"人"。

But along with the development of capitalism in the 20th century, such criticism has become outdate, it is only a logical result of Russian Stalinist bureaucracy political posture, it has implanted in the people a kind of nonsense.

但随着二十世纪资本主义的发展，这种批判就变得过时了，它只是俄国斯大林主义官僚政治姿态的一种逻辑结果，它向老百姓灌输一种胡说。

In order to show the performability of mutually-inversistic mathematical logic in counting,its application to artificial intelligence is given:the operational semantics and denotational semantics of second level single quasi-Pro...

为说明互逆主义数理逻辑在计算中的能行性，给出了其在人工智能计算中的应用：二层单准Prolog的操作语义和指称语义。

Phenomenalism, the theory that all that exists are the representations of external objects in our minds and not the objects themselves, was adopted by Bertrand Russell and many of the logical positivists during the early 20th century.

现象主义，这个理论说所有存在着的是外部对象在我们心灵中的表象，而不是那些对象自身。这个理论被罗素和20世纪的许多逻辑实证主义者所采纳。

Educational purpose as the plenipotentiary of educational value has been thoroughly criticized.

后现代主义教育目的观揭示了现代主义教育目的的种种弊端，诸如形而上学的脆弱性，教育中的霸权和暴力，内在价值的失落，二元论的思维模式的危机与危害，科学理性主义的充斥，抽象人性论对人的压制，逻辑话语的权威与僵化，教育目的社会理想的幻灭等。

We can see the predestination of western humanistic Marxism from this process.

同时，我们可以从这一理论发展的走向上，看到西方马克思主义人本化的逻辑宿命。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。