逻辑

Great emphasis is put on the logic imagery movement in the process of visual thinking through relating the visual thinking theory of Arnheim's.They are as follows:the logic of choosing images,the logic of organizing images and the logic of distilling images.

通过对阿恩海姆的视觉思维理论的解读，着重诠释视觉思维过程中的意象运动逻辑："自上而下"的意象选择逻辑、"补足"与"重构"的意象组织逻辑、"抽象"和"概括"的意象升华逻辑。

On the base of Frege's study, Russell put forward the theory of types to settle Russell's paradox. On the base of non-set, Russell brought forward axiom of infinity and axiom of option as the premises and built a system. He tried to defined the non-negative integer in logic terms and derive the theorems of arithmetic from the laws of logic by deductive method.

罗素在弗雷格研究的基础上，提出逻辑类型论来解决罗素悖论，以非集合论理论为基础，以无穷公理和选择公理为前提，利用逻辑概念定义数学概念，并构造系统，通过逻辑演绎法从逻辑公理推导数学定理。

There exist two logics in biology teaching. One is the internal logic of this subject and the other is cognitional logic of students. Sometimes their consecution may be inconsistent.

摘 要 生物学教学中存在两个逻辑，一个是学科内在逻辑，另一个是学生认识逻辑，两个逻辑的顺序往往不尽一致。

There exist two logics in biology teaching. One is the internallogic of this subject and the other is cognitional logic ofstudents. Sometimes their consecution may be inconsistent.

摘 要 生物学教学中存在两个逻辑，一个是学科内在逻辑，另一个是学生认识逻辑，两个逻辑的顺序往往不尽一致。

Include:(1) Basic Principles,(2) Algorithmic Simplification Techniques,(3) Use modern design and development kits,(4) Combinational logic design,(5) Sequential Logic design.

课程内容包含：(1)基本原理，(2)简化逻辑技巧，(3)电脑辅助逻辑设计工具，(4)组合逻辑设计，(5)循序逻辑设计。

That is,the truth value of an implication compound proposition is just the compatibleness degree of the actual implication degree or implication rate between its sub-propositions with the language value that describes the feature of implication relation in this compound proposition.

关于复合命题A→B本身的真值，传统逻辑中是由其支命题A、B的实际真值通过某种真值运算(二值逻辑中用"实质蕴涵"，模糊逻辑中有众多的"蕴涵算子")而求得。我们称这种求蕴涵型复合命题真值的方法为逻辑方法。

The soundness and completeness theorem of this method were proved at last. This part consists of the following points: 1. The properties of the indecomposable extremely simple form of LP were discussed, the theorem shown that every logical formula of LP was equals of a generalized conjunction normal form. 2. The method for judging a logical formula is a indecomposable extremely simple form or not was discussed, the necessary and sufficient conditions of a logical formula with not more than three implicative connective being a indecomposable extremely simple form was given. 3. The α-resolution fields of the indecomposable extremely simple form of LP were discussed, some elementary results were obtained. 4. The automated reasoning method based on the resolution principle of classical logic was discussed, the author given a method to describe the set of clauses by using a matrix, and translated the resolution of two clauses to column operations of this matrix.

二、关于格值命题逻辑系统LP中α-自动推理方法的研究 1、对LP中不可分极简式的性质进行了研究，证明了LP中任何一个格值逻辑公式等值于一个广义合取范式； 2、对LP中不可分极简式的判定方法进行了研究，讨论了含有不超过3个蕴涵运算的格值逻辑式为不可分极简式的充分必要条件； 3、对LP中不可分极简式的α-归结域进行了研究，得到了一些基本结果； 4、对经典逻辑中基于归结原理的自动推理方法进行了研究，给出了用符号矩阵表示子句集合的一种方法，把不同的归结过程转换成矩阵的列变换。

Logical atomism that has some significance more or less which requires us to think about seriously, like any significant philosophical ideology includes three points:(1) logical atomism developed Ernst March's comtism;(2) It directly affected Vienna Circle on behalf of logical comtism and the philosophy of language analysis;(3) It suggested the scientific realistic approach and rational approach.fourth, the difficult and reason of searching certain knowledge of logical atomism.

逻辑原子主义同历史上任何有影响的哲学思想一样，或多或少有一些价值值得我们认真对待和参考，主要包括三点：(1)逻辑原子主义发展了马赫的实证主义；(2)它直接影响了以维也纳学派为代表的逻辑实证主义和后来的语言分析哲学；(3)它体现了科学的求实精神和理性精神。四、逻辑原子主义寻求确定性知识的困难及其原因考察。

The logical function was expressed in terms of cubic notation andthe logical operation was carried out cubically through intersection,compatibility and sharp product.

采用立方符号表述逻辑函数，把逻辑运算表示为立方的相交、相容及锐积运算，提出用判断最小项来完成对给定程序的判断和校正，进而实现了计算机辅助逻辑综合，得到了最优的逻辑设计结果，并将此应用于计算机辅助气动系统设计中取得了良好的效果

Comparing with western countries, our study in this fieldlag behind. One of the reasons lies in normative logic itself, such as in its paradox orin its inconvincible system. Another reason lies in the fact that less attention has been paid to it.

究其原因，既有规范逻辑自身的原因，如规范逻辑悖论的困扰，规范逻辑没有能够建立一个令人信服的系统等；也与人们对规范逻辑的重要性理解不够有很大的关系。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。