逻辑

The system includes a file storage segment that reads and writes data on a file-by-file basis, allowing a host system to access data from the non-volatile mass storage device using a file interface format; and a logical interface segment that allows the host system to access data using logical addressing, wherein the host system is unaware of a storage format under which data is stored on a file-by-file basis.

所述系统包含：文件存储段，其以逐文件为基础读取和写入数据，从而允许主机系统使用文件接口格式从所述非易失性大容量存储装置存取数据；以及逻辑接口段，其允许所述主机系统使用逻辑寻址存取数据，其中所述主机系统不知道用以以逐文件为基础存储数据的存储格式。

The paper is concerned with the ambiguity of the formalization of reasoning and the origin of the paradox of material implication.

所谓逻辑的形式化就是对概念、命题、推理给以数学化，它是构建现代逻辑系统普遍采用的方法。

Material implication is an extremely important concept of modern logic,but we encountered a lot of problems as we attempted to analyze and explain the hypothetical proposition of natural language with material implication,this situation obstructs the aim of logic norm and people's correct thinking.

实质蕴涵是现代逻辑的一个极其重要的概念，但是用实质蕴涵理论来分析和说明自然语言中的假言命题却出现了许多解释不通的问题。这种状况有悖于逻辑规范和引导人们进行正确思维及表达的宗旨。

The so-called paradox of material implication is not actually that odd since it is caused by some kind of misunderstanding when people require material implication expressions not only the truth properties but contents and meanings as well in conditions.

实质蕴涵与否定、合取、析取、等值等其他逻辑联结词一样，其实质是对自然语言中复句的关联词所进行的合理的逻辑抽象，所谓的"实质蕴涵怪论"其实并不怪，它是人们要求实质蕴涵反映条件联系中除真假联系之外的内容、意义方面的联系，从而作了错误的解读所造成的；作为一种特殊的条件语句，在反事实条件句与实质蕴涵的关系问题上，在反事实条件句与一般性条件句的区分上，还有很多地方需要进一步探索。

Traditional logic' s answer to this question seems to be self-evident, but mathematical logic makes this question complicated.

传统逻辑对这个问题的回答似乎是不言而喻的，但数理逻辑却使这个问题变得复杂起来。

If a maximally great being exists in one logically possible world, it exists in every logically possible world.

如果一最大地伟人 being 在一个逻辑地可能的世界上存在，它在每个逻辑地可能的世界上存在。

Firstly, it studies the definition of implication and its classification, basing on this, deeply analyzes the relations between implication and the connective "if, then" universally used in our ordinary life. Then the article points out that implication is logical abstract to the connective "If, then" used in the natural language. However, because of different understanding and mastering to it, implication may have different classification, it can't be given a right definition. We must master it by all kinds of concrete implications. According to different criterion, implication has different categories. This article mainly discusses its classification from two sides: Ancient Greece and Medieval's and metalogic's.

首先，论文简要地考察了蕴涵概念的界定，指出蕴涵是对自然语言中连接词"如果，则"的逻辑抽象，而对它的意义的不同理解和把握，则可以有不同种类的蕴涵，不能笼而统之地对蕴涵下一定义，只有通过各种具体蕴涵去掌握有关蕴涵的理论；依据不同的分类标准，蕴涵可以有不同的类型，本文主要讨论古希腊及中世纪对蕴涵所作的分类及从记号学这一元逻辑的角度出发对蕴涵作的分类。

Historical logic rationality would unify that two in order to search logical confirmatory and standardization from historical development, and remove mysticism, mistiness and relativism.

历史的逻辑理性则将二者统一起来，在历史的发展中寻找逻辑的确定性和规范性，消除神秘主义和模糊性乃至相对主义。

Professor Zhang Qing-yu gets paraconsistent modal proposition logic C〓G'on the base ofCosta's paraconsistent proposition logic system C〓.

张清宇教授在科斯塔的弗协调命题逻辑系统C 的基础上得到弗协调模态命题逻辑系统CnG＇。

Present a kind of paraconsistent modal logics PML by generalizing classical modal logics'truth value set from {0, 1} to [0, 1] , propose new logical consequence relationships by generalizing fuzzy implications in PML, introduce sound and complete Gentzen style inference systems in PML. 9. Global properties of valid formulas are the necessary conditions that must be satisfied by valid formulas.

8将经典模态逻辑公式的值域从{0，1}扩充到[0，1]，结合模糊逻辑推理关系的研究结果，建立了能处理不一致知识的模态逻辑，并给出其可靠而且完备的Gentzen型推理系统。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。