逻辑

Any logic which uses the existential quantifier or the universal quantifier is said to be a predicate logic.

任何逻辑使用存在量词或全称量词是说是一个谓词逻辑。

The atoms can be combined into formulas, as is usual in first-order logic, with the logical operators ∧,∨ and, and we can use the existential quantifier and the universal quantifier to bind the variables.

同一阶逻辑一样，原子可用通过逻辑算子∧、∨和组合成公式，而且我们可以使用

The method includes a "Theorem of General Expansion" for a complicated network and a "Theorem of Minimizing Expansion" for a logical expression.

本文提出了复杂网络的"大展开定理"和逻辑表式的"最小化展开定理"，并简要地叙述了本文作者已发表在"继电器"杂志(1978年1、2期)上的"逻辑——概率变换"和"单幂变换"等法则。

By this, I hope I shall be able to provide a more wezhaustive understanging of explanation, and, to construce the concept of explantion not as a logical one by distinguishing explanation from logical inference;(2) not as a psychological one by separating explanation from individual's psychological orientation;(3) not as an Ontic one by emphasizing the relevance of the questioner's and explainer's knowledge-states to explanation;(4) not as a relative one by holding that it is possible to get a non-pragamatic standard to differentiate batter explanations from worse ones.

通过对最新近的实用说明论的得失的详细分析，来探讨有关说明和说明论的一些基本问题，力求在这些探讨的基础上得到对说明的更全面的理解，使得说明概念（1）不是一个逻辑概念，避免将说明与逻辑推导相等同；（2）不是一个心理学概念，将说明与提问者和回答者的心理倾向相分离；（3）不是一个实体概念，强调说明与人们知识状态的密切关系以及（4）不是一个完全相对化了的概念，坚持可以在好的说明和差的说明之间找到某种标准。

We try to expurgate the concept, and furthermore, put forward "inside world" parameter, and indicate that it should be in the frame of intensional logic to describe Chinese quasi-contradictory sentences.

高阶类论语言中形容词的逻辑类型描写不一致，本文从汉语似矛盾句实例出发，联系预设因素，尝试统一形容词的逻辑类型描写。

Quine takes the principle of extensionality ashis prerequisite of logical analysis and entirely objects to recognizing the intentionalconcepts,thus hindering the development of modal logic and the inquiry into humanemeaning in some way.

奎因把外延性原则作为他进行逻辑分析的前提，完全拒斥了内涵概念，从而在一定程度上阻碍了模态逻辑的发展和对人文意义的探究。

It is the first important step in video analysis and will directly affects the effectiveness of indexing Shot boundary detection is one of our major research interests and we will tackle the following existing problems the ambiguity between gradual change and camera motion, the discontinuity during gradual change, false detection caused by illumination variation and flashlight, automatic threshold selection Firstly, we discuss shot boundary detection in non-compressed domain In chapter 2, we compare some of the commonly used detection methods which are based on frame difference and point out that single feature will not generate good results As a conclusion, we use fuzzy logic to combine multiple features Presently, most frame difference based shot boundary detection algorithms rely on threshold and hence the selection of such thresholds will greatly affect the performance of boundary detection We propose a membership function to define frame difference and calculate the membership with self adaptation according to the statistic distribution of frame differences to satisfy different type of video clips Experiments show that the proposed fuzzy shot boundary detection algorithm can be used with different video types and has a high detection precision and recall In chapter 3, we discuss model-based shot boundary detection algorithms regarding chromatic and spatial editing effects such as fade-in, fade-out, dissolve and wipe Various parameters are proposed to better describe the characteristics of each editing type.

镜头边界的检测是把视频自动地分割为一个个镜头，作为基本的索引单元，因此它是视频分析重要的第一步，直接影响到视频检索的成败。镜头边界的检测是本文研究的重点之一。目前镜头边界检测算法主要存在以下问题：渐变与镜头运动难以区别；渐变过程中的不连续与停顿、光照条件的变化及闪光灯等特殊情况会引起误检测；自动选择阈值比较困难等。本文首先针对非压缩域视频进行了镜头边界检测的研究。在第二章中我们采用了比较流行的基于帧间差的方法。在比较各种帧间差计算方法的基础上，指出使用单一的特征难以取得很好的检测效果，提出用模糊逻辑综合使用各种特征。目前大多数基于帧间差的镜头边界检测算法都采用阈值法进行镜头转换的判别。阈值选择的误差对检测性能有较大的影响，本文提出用隶属度函数定义帧间差较大、中等较大和较小等概念，并根据帧间差的统计分布自适应地确定隶属度，以适应不同类型的视频片断。实验结果表明这种基于糊逻辑的镜头边界检测算法可以适应不同的视频，并具有较高的检测精度和检出率。在第三章中采用基于模型的方法进行镜头渐变的检测，研究了淡入／淡出、慢转换和扫换的模型。

Logical process unit of ATP system is fail safe: In case of failure, Logical unit of ATP process must put all outputs in safe state

ATP 系统逻辑处理单元是故障安全的： ATP 系统逻辑处理单元失效后，所有输出必须保持在安全状态。

This paper also proved that the formal representation is faithful to RBAC model.

用描述逻辑的符号给出了RBAC中主要的元素和关系的形式化定义，并证明了这种描述逻辑表示对于RBAC模型的忠实性。

ERCCL uses capacitance coupling to perform a logic function, so it can energy-efficiently implement a high fan-in complex logic in a single gate.

ERCCL利用电容耦合进行逻辑求值，因此可以在一个门中低能耗地实现高扇入、高复杂度的逻辑。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。