逻辑

Just as he used logic to describe the foundations of mathematics in Principia Mathematica , Russell would use logic to clarify philosophy, through his concept of logical atomism, and linguistics, through his theory of descriptions.

正如他所使用的逻辑描述的基础数学中的数学原理，罗素将使用的逻辑，以澄清理念，通过他的逻辑原子主义的概念，与语言学，通过他的理论说明。

He has taught the following courses since he became a teacher in 2001: first-order logic, modal logic, the axiomatic set theory, recursive theory and model theory.

已开课程有《一阶逻辑》《模态逻辑》《公理集合论》《递归论》《模型论》。2005年11月至2006年11月，访学于阿姆斯特丹大学逻辑、语言与计算研究所。

LK affirms that logic is a universal method.If logic can be amathematical method,it can surely be used as a way to identify knowledge concept,atool of deduction and the method of knowledge system axiomatization.

知识逻辑主义"断言逻辑是一种普遍的方法，逻辑既然能成为数学的方法，就必然能为任何知识系统提供方法论，可以成为定义知识概念的方法、知识，推演的工具和知识体系公理化的方法。"

Chapter 2 is the general introduction to behavioral finance.

这种逻辑是一种现实的逻辑、发现的逻辑。

The author points out: if lots of the conflicts of philosophical foundation the 20th century's quantum mechanics faced with, well-known to everybody, should be logically attributed to the confusions of the some fundamental concepts in the classical electromagnetic field theory, the series of logic inconsistencies implied in the classical electromagnetic theory and the forms of difficulties the modern computational electromagnetism encounters while solving time-varying electromagnetic field should be also logically attributed to an anomalous fact that series of fundamental mathematical propositions relating with bispinor differential operator, which naturally appears in the formal expression about dynamic electromagnetic field, have not be solved really while the related complete mathematic physical models or well posed boundary value problems have not been built.

著者指出：如果说20世纪的量子力学之所以面对哲学基础众所周知的矛盾，在逻辑上最终不能不归咎于经典电磁场理论体系的一些基本概念并没有真正得到澄清的话，那么，经典电磁场理论体系隐含的众多逻辑不自洽问题与目前计算动态电磁场所面对的困境，则必须逻辑地归咎于与双旋度微分算子相关的一系列基本数学命题并没有解决，而相关的恰当数学物理模型至今没有真正建立起来的缘故。

This passage analyzes the advantage and disadvantage of the Boolean Model and the Vector Space Model in information retrieval model: the Boolean Model is simple to realize, but its classification ability is limited and the logic expression formula is strict.

本文分析了信息检索中传统文档特征表示的布尔逻辑模型和向量空间模型的优缺点：布尔逻辑模型虽机制简单、容易实现，但是它的分类能力有限且逻辑表达式过于严格；向量空间模型将文档映射到连续域向量空间，为进一步的权重计算等多元处理提供了基础，但容易忽略文档集合中各个文档的一些共有特征。

A cable railway on a steep incline, especially such a railway with simultaneously ascending and descending cars counterbalancing one another.Each of these logic families, TTL, ECL, PMOS, NMOS and CMOS, has a specific set of characteristics that make it desirable for certain applications.

每一种逻辑元件，晶体管一晶体管逻辑电路、发射极耦合逻辑电路f 型金属氧化物半导体、n 型金属氧化物半导体和补充金属氧化物半导体，都有其特有的性质，从而适用于不同的用途。

We first review the basics of silicon-based donor spin quantum computer proposed by Kane, and how to control the system and construct the quantum gates, including Hadamard gate, CNOT gate and so on, in canonical gate decomposition ways.

首先，我们回顾肯恩的矽基底施子自旋量电脑系统，如何控制及构成量子逻辑闸，包括：阿达马逻辑闸、受控制否逻辑闸等等。

The course contains four sections as follows: mathematical logic (including basic concepts of propositional logic and predicate logic, propositional calculuses and inference theories), set theory (including set algebras, relations, functions and cardinal numbers), algebraic structure (including algebraic systems, semigroups and groups, rings and fields, lattices and Boolean algebras), graph theory (including basic concepts of graph, Euler graphs and Hamiltonian graphs, trees, planar graphs and coloring graphs, some special vertex subsets and edge subsets).

本课程包含四部分内容：数理逻辑（包含命题逻辑与一阶逻辑的基本概念、等值演算以及推理理论），集合论（包含集合代数、二元关系、函数和基数），代数结构（包含代数系统、半群与群、环与域、格与布尔代数），图论（包含图的基本概念、欧拉图与哈密顿图、树、平面图及图的着色、图的某些特殊的顶点子集与边子集）。

The inspection unit includes storing unit, logic switching unit and drive change-over switch, inspects whether the storing unit is normal via detecting the edge change, sets the output of abnormal storing unit in certain logic level and performs different logic operations to different logic level setting values.

检验装置包括储存单元、资料切换开关与边缘探测器。其是以边缘变化是否正确来检验储存单元的运作是否正常，并将出现问题的储存单元的输出设定在一固定的逻辑电位上，再对不同逻辑电位设定值使用不同的逻辑运算。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。