造林

The problems and difficulties for the traditional self-support forestation model are analyzed and a new model of forestry-pulp-paper integrated forestation is put forward.

分析了传统的自营造林模式的问题和难点，提出了两种新的林浆纸一体化造林模式。

Since 1996, the State has begun to build a shelter-forest system along the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River. By 2000, it had invested more than 3.7 million yuan in the project, actively supporting Tibet in building man-made forests and sealing off mountainous areas to facilitate afforestation as appropriate to local conditions. The afforested area has topped 13,000 ha, which, as a result, has played a positive role in improving local residents' working and living conditions.

从1996年开始，国家开始在西藏实施长江上中游防护林体系建设工程，截止2000年，共投入资金370多万元，积极支持西藏地方因地制宜地开展人工造林、封山育林，累计造林面积达1.3万多公顷，为改善当地群众生产生活条件发挥了良好的作用。

Casuarina equisetifolia, introduced abroad into China in 1950s, has been showing good adaptability and high productivity. It play an important role in wind break and sand fixation, ameliorating ecological environment and offering timber along the southeast coast in China. To some extent, it has become one of the irreplaceable plantations in protecting plantation, particularly on the wind gap site.

木麻黄自从20世纪50年代引种到中国，在东南沿海地区已经有50多年的栽培历史，表现了很好的适应性和丰产性，在东南沿海建立了一道绿色的生态屏障，在防风固沙、改善生态环境和提供木材等方面发挥着巨大的作用，成为沿海地区造林的主要树种之一，特别在海岸风口地段的造林中具有不可替代的地位。

In dry area or sandy dryland, for the reason of scarce rainfall, windiness and lack of labor power and material resources, the low survivor ratio of afforestation were common.

在干旱或荒漠地区造林，降雨稀少，风多且风大，加之人力、物力的贫乏等原因，导致造林成活率低。

We will investigate the actuality of stony deserts in Guizhou, and divide their types on the basis of their intensity, covering rate of soil and vegetation and amount of species, and stduy the influence factors of forming different stony desert types in more coercing, and explore the ratio of influence factors in the different stony desert areas and the evolutionary mechanism of different stony desert types. Finally,we will stduy the growing conditions and species of arboreous in different geology, land form,hydrology region for natural lithogenic forest and artificial forest, and the natural conditions for failing in many artificial forest,and the reconstruction mechanism in different stony desert type regions.

对贵州石漠现状调查，并根据石漠发育强度、土被、植被覆盖率和物种多少等进行石漠类型分类；对多重胁迫下不同石漠类型形成因子研究，探讨各影响因子在不同类型石漠区的权值；探讨各类型石漠演化机理；选取不同地质、地貌、水文背景区的原生岩生森林及人工造林区对其乔木的立土条件及物种研究；选取贵州经多次造林失败的石山的自然条件研究并探索不同类型石漠区生态重建机理。

The natural distribution of oriental arborvitae in Shanxi Province is limited to the south of inside the Great Wall.

侧柏在山西省的天然分布仅限于内长城以南，为实现雁门关外造林树种的多样性，从 1 996年起在怀仁县进行了侧柏造林试验。

This paper expounds afforesting technique of direct seeding oriental arborvitae from place choice, seeding season, afforesting method, seedling management etc and discusses technical points from experience.

从林地选择、播种季节、造林方法、幼苗管理等方面阐述了侧柏直播造林技术，并总结经验教训，探索其技术要点。

Beforehand exchange makes carbon-sink credits purchaser be the main risk assumer, afterwards exchange makes carbon-sink credits provider bear larger risks; and ton/year payment makes business partners take on the risks together.

迄今为止，森林碳汇服务市场是一个松散的、不成熟、不完善的以林业项目（如造林、再造林、森林保护等）投资为基础，并获取由此产生的碳信用的交易集合。

Casuarina equisetifolia, introduced into china in 1950s, had showed good adaptability and high productivity. It had structured a green wall and played an important role in defending wind, fixing sand, advancing ecological environment along the southeast coast in China.

木麻黄自从20世纪50年代引种到中国，在沿海地区已经有50多年的栽培历史，表现了很好的适应性和丰产性，在东南沿海建立了一道绿色的生态屏障，发挥了森林防风固沙、改善生态环境等重要效能，成为沿海地区沙地造林的主要树种，特别在海岸风口地段的造林具有不替代的地位。

This paper introduced some practical Dendrocalamus latiflorus clonal propagational seedling raising techniques including bamboo branch cutting seedling raising,seedling raising with planted internodes,and plant division seedling raising to meet the constantly expanding need of D.

为解决大面积造林竹苗缺乏的难题，本文从实际出发介绍了几种切实可行的麻竹无性繁殖育苗技术：竹枝扦插育苗、埋节育苗和分株育苗，用以满足不断扩大的麻竹造林的需要。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。