造岩的

Mafic granulite and gabbro xenoliths are also found in the same kimberlitic pipes from the Eastern-North China platform, and suggest that multi-accretion events took place. The gabbro was formed lighly earlier with the host kimberlite. The underplating of the mafic magmas was related to the continental orogeny in the late middle-Ordovician Period.

金伯利岩中强烈变质的基性麻粒岩以及变质不彻底的粗粒辉长岩在同一岩管中共存，表明华北古老岩石圈地幔所发生的多次增生作用事件，特别是后者的变质不彻底变质作用暗示其形成时代与金伯利岩相近，这种基性岩浆的底侵作用与华北地台中奥陶世晚期的造陆抬升有关。

Calidonian granites are widely developed in the Yema Nanshan area in the western segment of the Qilian orogenic belt. The geochemical characteristics of most of the granites are similar to those of adakites: SiO2≥56%, Al2O3≥15.0%, low MgO (average 2.04%), high Sr (257-889μg/g, average 546.42μg/g), low Y (7.1-25.3μg/g,average 16.67μg/g), average Sr/Y=5.89, no pronounced Eu anomaly and Sr positive anomaly. Adakites in this area have five rock types, quartz diorite, quartz monzodiorite, quartz monzonite, monzogrannite and hornblende granite. These rocks commonly contain hornblende, belonging to I-type granites.

提要：祁连西段野马南山一带发育大量的加里东期花岗岩，其中大部分花岗岩具有与adakite岩相似的地球化学特征，SiO2≥56%， Al2O3≥15.0％，低MgO（平均2.04％），高Sr(257～889μg/g，平均值546.42μg/g)，低Y（7.1～25.3μg/g，平均16.67μg/g），Sr/Y平均为35.89μg/g，Eu无明显负异常，Sr正异常，Adakite岩石类型有石英闪长岩、石英二长闪长岩、石英二长岩、角闪花岗岩、二长花岗岩，岩石中普遍含有角闪石，属I型花岗岩，地球化学图解反映该花岗岩形成环境为板块碰撞前的岛弧型，锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为444+38/-33 Ma，处在祁连造山带板块俯冲收缩阶段，因此可以推断野马南山埃达克质Adakite花岗岩是俯冲板片部分融熔和壳幔岩浆混合形成的。

The magmatism of Yanshan period caused wide magmiting, the tectonic sealing obscured the primary mylonite.

燕山期的岩浆热活动，在造山带轴部产生广泛的混合岩化，构造热愈合使糜棱岩转化为构造片岩。

In addition,the dating for the Qinghaihunanshan granitoid and the Erlangdong granitoid are 238±1.5Ma(2σ)and 215±1.2Ma(2σ)evidently an important Indosinian orogenesis.

锆石U-Pb测得天峻南山、青海湖南山岩体和二郎洞岩体的年龄分别为246±1.5Ma(2σ)、238±1.5Ma(2σ)和215±1.2Ma(2σ)，为构造带印支期造山提供了时间依据。

This is a result of weak crustal thermal flow action and strong structure deformation during early stage of orogeny.

论文摘要：新疆阿尔泰海西期造山带主要发育两期区域变质作用，第一期变质作用属于区域低温动力变质作用类型，以形成低绿片岩相矿物组合为特征，变质温度较低，而应力作用较强，是造山作用初期热流活动较弱，构造变形强烈环境下的产物。

The banded-augengranitic complex(476-413Ma) and charnokites (435Ma) in Yunkai upwelling area are formed in active continental margin Volcanic arc tectonic environment of subduction-collision in Caledonian and the augen granite and charnokiteare formed in the post-orogeny environment,and the intrusive gabbro(392Ma) are fromed in extensional environment of the end of Subduction-collision orogeny.

云开隆起区条带-眼球状花岗质杂岩（467-413Ma）及紫苏花岗岩（435Ma）形成于加里东期俯冲-碰撞活动大陆边缘火山弧构造环境，其中眼球状花岗岩、紫苏花岗岩形成于碰撞造山后环境，侵入辉长岩（392Ma）则是俯冲-碰撞造山作用阶段结束伸展环境下的产物。

The forming of non- Smithian strata are expounded at theory level.

以殷鸿福等（1998）归纳总结的非威尔逊旋回理论为指导，从理论上阐述了非史密斯地层形成过程：造山带区古大洋相当复杂，尤其是中国古特提斯域古大洋，多为多岛洋，多岛洋是一个宽阔的但不干净的洋，它在其各个演化阶段，始终充满着由裂解地块、裂谷、海道、微板块与次级小洋盆、火山岛弧、海山与边缘海等不同裂离与聚合程度的、海陆相间的多岛洋盆；多岛洋盆在其整个洋陆转化进程中，往往所经历的是多期开合与多期次软碰撞，故由非威尔逊旋回转化而来的造山带混杂岩带地层一般都经历过多期强烈的构造混杂，使造山带演化不同期次、同期次不同阶段、不同大地构造相、不同沉积古地理单元、不同构造层次地层体在极短程内相互拼贴、无序叠置。

The exposed massive cold-seep carbonates provided substrate for the encrustations of corals as well as coralline algae and might have played a crucial role in the initial development of coral reefs in a siliciclastic paleoenvironment of active tectonic setting. This is probable the first case of the world that cold-seep carbonates acting as initial colonization hardgrounds of hermatypic corals and corallines.

在此基底泥岩快速浅化的过程中，出露的块状冷泉碳酸盐岩成为不稳定地体构造背景中，珊瑚与珊瑚藻等表覆生物在矽质碎屑环境生长的硬底质，可能在礁体的最初发育扮演关键性的角色；此种冷泉碳酸盐岩成为造礁珊瑚与珊瑚藻在矽质碎屑古环境中最初生长硬底质的现象，很可能为世界首例。

The famous "Tiantangzhai migmatitic granite"(1∶200000 Luotian map) is seperated as Yanshan epoch many granitic plutons, and the most representative two plutons are Tiantangzhai and Jiuzihe pluton, Most of these plutons extend NE direction according with the orientation of regional tectonic line, and have weak gneissosity and banded structure, and contact with country rocks by graduational or intrusive relationship.

首次将大别造山带核部著名的&天堂寨混合花岗岩&(1∶20万罗田幅)解体为燕山期的多个花岗岩体，其中最有代表性的岩体为天堂寨岩体、九资河岩体。这些岩体大多呈NE向展布，与区域构造线方向一致，发育有微弱片麻理和条带状构造，与围岩变质岩呈渐变过渡接触或侵入接触。

Since the Dabie orogenic belt was affected meanwhile by the delamination of post collision of Indo-Chinese epoch and the subduction toward EuraAsia continent of Izanagi plate, the upwelling of asthenosphere material supplied a lot thermal energy for crust, isobathythem ascented, this made middle and lower crust amphibolite and granulite facies metamorphic and large-scale free water-bearing system and large area migmatites and granites were formed.

在大别造山带印支期碰撞后所产生的拆沉作用和伊佐奈崎板块向欧亚板块的NWW向俯冲作用的共同影响下，软流圈物质上涌，为地壳输送大量的热能，等温面上升，使中下地壳发生角闪岩相或麻粒岩相变质作用和大规模含自由水体系的熔融，形成了大面积混合岩和花岗岩。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。