造岩的

The Prydz Belt occurs in the Prydz Bay and Denman Glacier, and is located in the interior of a previously proclaimed unified East Gondwana. The absence of subduction-related rocks, such as ophiolite suite, arc accretionary complex and high-pressure blueschist and eclogite, resulted in the argument that the Prydz Belt represents whether a collisional zone or an intraplate reworking belt.

普里兹造山带主要出露于普里兹湾和登曼冰川，因其位于从前假设的统一东冈瓦纳陆块的内部，加之缺少蛇绿混杂岩、岛弧增生杂岩和高压变质岩等与大洋板块俯冲作用密切相关的岩石，所以当前存在着碰撞造山成因和板内改造成因两种不同的认识。

The mineral chemistry, trace elements and Sr-Nd isotopic geochemistry of different types of deep-seated inclusions indicate that Group Ⅰinclusions in western Shaudong could be the relicts of high degree of partial melting of the mantle-derived peridotites and then subjected to mantle metasomatism; the dunite and harzburgite in Group Ⅱ inclusions could be resulted from the metasomatism of silica-rich melts in the upper mantle; the olivine-pyroxenite and pyroxenite in Group Ⅱ and Group Ⅲ inclusions could be magmatic cumulates derived from magma underplating in the upper mantle.

不同结构类型深源岩石包体的矿物化学、元素和同位素地球化学研究表明，鲁西具有变质变形结构特征的橄榄岩类岩石包体为岩石圈地幔橄榄岩部分熔融后的残留体，其后又遭受了地幔交代作用的改造；具有变质变形结构，并叠加有矿物反应结构的纯橄岩和方辉橄榄岩类包体为古老岩石圈地幔被富硅质熔体改造的结果；具有残留岩浆结晶结构的橄榄岩、橄辉岩类岩石包体以及具有变晶结构或堆晶结构的辉石岩类包体为地幔更早期岩浆作用的在上地幔的堆积体。

The mineraliztion is later than the activity of the magmas. And the deposits are formed in early Yanshan epoch, just after the collision of the continents and the orogenesis.

综合矿床的成矿年龄和与其有空间关系的岩体的成岩年龄可以看出，成矿年龄不同程度地小于成岩年龄，表明矿床形成于燕山早期，稍滞后于造山带陆-陆碰撞和陆内造山作用。

The material for formation of the granitoids isderived from mixing sources of crust and mantle, with decreasing in crust-derived componentsfrom early to late.5. The tectonic setting for formation of the Mesozoic granitoids in the region isdefined as a post-collisional setting. The occurrence of a small part of rocks with characteristics ofcollisional or anorogenic granitoids provides evidence for the continuous process oftransformation of tectonic regime from collisional through post-collisional to anorogenic.6. Themultiple cycles of mantle-derived magma underplating caused by the multiple stages oflithospheric thinning in the Mesozoic result in the partial melting of middle to lower crust orcrust-mantle syntexis to form magmas. The crystallization of these magmas emplacing afterfractionation is responsible for the formation of the Mesozoic granitoids in this region.

形成花岗岩类的成岩物质来自壳幔混源。5、河南省西部地区中生代花岗岩类成岩构造环境为碰撞后环境，部分岩石具有碰撞期或非造山期花岗岩的某些特征，表明碰撞后阶段既是碰撞造山过程的延续，又是向非造山环境的构造转换时期，因而其岩浆活动在一定程度上仍然继承了碰撞前消减时期和碰撞时期已经活化的岩浆源区性质。6、研究表明，区内中生代多阶段的岩石圈减薄作用引发多旋回的幔源岩浆底侵以及中下地壳的部分熔融或壳幔同熔，由此形成的岩浆经分异演化后侵位可以形成区内的中生代花岗岩类。

According to metamophic core complexes, syn-tectonic intrusive rock and its isotope dating data, divide Songliao basin evolution history into three stages: 1 orogenic period land-land collision; 2 post orogenic period mantle delamination, metamophic core complexes uplift and collapse extension; 3 weak extend stable depression in continent.

根据变质核杂岩、同构造侵入岩以及同位素年龄资料，将松辽盆地构造演化历史划分三个阶段：(1)造山期的陆—陆碰撞；2造山期后的地幔拆沉，变质核杂岩上拱和塌陷伸展断陷；(3)弱伸展稳定大陆内坳陷。

Our stuc1 indicates that the majority of the granites in Naniclan-Hechi metallogenetic belt belong to POG, while the later stage alaskite belongs to RRG+CEUC. The granites were formed at the stage of structure transformation from postorogenic phase to intraplate setting. But the major structural environment is steady regional extension. The formation age for the granites represents the time of this transformation, and this translation environment is favored for large-scale metallogenesis.

研究表明，区内燕山晚期花岗岩主体属后造山花岗岩类，最晚期的白岗岩为RRG+CEUG型，带内岩浆岩形成于后造山向板内环境的转化阶段，主体构造环境则为较稳定的区域拉张，岩体侵位时代代表了区内构造环境的转折时期，这种区域构造体制的转换是大规模成矿的有利动力学条件。

The system consists of the following procedure: pre-concentration of metallogenic matter in living organisms in primary depositional basin; solution, absorption and concentration of metallogenic matter in organic matter and organic thermal fluid generated from organisms during lithogenesis; migration of metallogenic matter in organic thermal fluid from basin to mountain region and activation of metallogenic elements by organic matter and organic thermal fluids in sedimentary strata in mountain regions during basin compaction and mountain building; metallization due to reactions between inorganic fluid and organic fluid bearing metallogenic matter and because of reductions and absorptions by organic matter in mountain regions.

生物成矿系统的内容是：在原始盆地接受沉积时，生物对金属成矿物质就存在预富集作用；在成岩过程中，生物转化为有机质及有机热流体，对金属成矿物质存在溶解、萃取、富集作用；在盆地压实和造山活动中，盆地中有机热流体向造山带运移，此过程流体携带大量成矿物质，对金属成矿物质存在迁移作用，而处于造山带沉积地层中的有机物及有机流体对金属成矿元素存在活化作用；盆地有机热流体与造山带含金属流体会合，以及造山带有机质及有机流体对金属元素进行还原和吸咐，最终形成金属矿床，对金属成矿物质存在成矿作用。

The conception, studied objects and basic constituents of non-Smith strata are elaborated from theory level: Non-Smithian strata are the strata that have undergone mixing of different degrees, thus were deformed, metamorphosed and displaced into disorder totally or partially. They are the disorder parts in orogenic belts. Melange is the solo studied object of non- Smithian stratigraphy. The slices in melange is one of the basic constituents of non- Smithian strata, and also one of the basic units in the non-Smithian mapping. The slices used in this paper refer to blocks divided by small-scale tectonic boundaries and have certain constitutes. Superslices used in this paper refer to a set of slice association with similar tectonic deformation bounded by large-scale tectonic mixing.

从理论上阐述了非史密斯地层的概念、研究对象和基本构件：非史密斯地层（non-Smithian strata）是指那些经历过不同程度的混杂建造，并经历了变位，变形、变质，全部无序或部分无序的地层，主要指造山带地层中的无序部分；混杂岩是非史密斯地层的唯一研究对象；混杂岩中的构造岩片是非史密斯地层基本构件之一，亦是非史密斯地层和地质填图基本单位之一，岩片是指以构造拼合边界所分割的具有一定物质构成的地质体；物质建造形成于同一大的构造旋回期（如晋宁期、加里东期、海西期等）、亲源关系密切、大致经历了相似变形、变质历程的一套岩片组合体被称之为超岩片。

The Paleoproterozoic Beidahe Group-complex remains as continental shivers in the interior of the North Qilian orogen. In its early stage of development, there occurred abundant amphibolite. The protolith of the amphibolite is basalts. The Alk-∑FeO-MgO plot, REE features and Rittmann index show that the protolith belongs to the calc-alkaline suite and exceptionally shows the subalkaline character. The rock is characterized by higher Al2O3 and ∑FeO and lower Mg#, indicating that it has a higher degree of compositional evolution and that the formation of volcanic rocks is related to activation of older crust. Highly fractionated REE patterns and amphibolite on the Ti-Zr-Y plot, Ni-FeO/MgO plot and Ta/Yb-Th/Yb plot all indicate the characteristics of volcanic arcs and active continental margins. On the geochemical diagram of basalt, the overall REE features are in the main analogous to those of calc-alkaline island-arc basalt, with Sr87/Sr86=0.71617–0.72033,Nd143/Nd144=0.512414–0.512495 and εNd=–2.79 to –4.37,εSr=245.78–305.3, showing that the magma was derived from the crust or subjected to contamination with the lower crust below the continent.

提要：以大陆碎块形式残存于北祁连造山带内部的古元古代北大河岩群早期发育有大量的斜长角闪岩，其原岩为玄武岩，Alk—∑FeO—MgO图解，REE特征，里特曼组合指数等均显示斜长角闪岩属钙碱性系列范围，个别显示弱碱性，斜长角闪岩具有较高的Al2O3，∑FeO和低的Mg#，这些特点反映其成分演化程度较高，表明火山岩的形成与古老地壳的活化有关，有较强分异的稀土元素分配模式，在Ti—Zr—Y图，Ni—FeO/MgO图解和Ta/Yb—Th/Yb图解上斜长角闪岩均显示火山弧或活动大陆边缘的特点，在玄武岩的地球化学形式图，稀土元素整体特征与钙碱性岛弧玄武岩基本相同；87Sr/86Sr=0.716 17～0.720 33， 143Nd/144Nd=0.512 414～0.512 495，εNd=-2.79～-4.37。

A systematic study on S and/or Pb isotopic compositions of the copper-bearing porphyries, ore minerals and andesite of the deposit shows that S isotopic compositions of ore minerals are similar to those of porphyries.

矿石矿物（208Pb/204Pb=37.917~38.230，平均值38.075；207Pb/204Pb=15.528~15.614，平均值15.571；206Pb/204Pb=17.929~18.082，平均值17.981）与矿化斑岩(208Pb/204Pb=37.832、37.883，207Pb/204Pb=15.529、15.538，206Pb/204Pb=17.906、17.910)以及安山岩(208Pb/204Pb=37.816~37.884，207Pb/204Pb=15.549~15.562，206Pb/204Pb=17.845~17.919)的初始铅组成基本一致，变化范围较小，表明三者具有相同的来源；在铅构造模式图上，所有样品铅同位素均位于造山带演化线上或附近，在铅同位素源区判别图中，均落入造山带和下地壳区域，这表明Pb主要来源于壳幔混合。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。