速率

Methods The experimental model of mice with PDS was induced by rhubarb decoction. Then the mice were treated with three dosages of SJZD (12.5, 25, and 37.5 g/kg), respectively. The body weight, body temperature, mean retention time of chyme in digestive tract, gastric emptying velocity, gastrin and motilin levels, and visceral index of mice were measured.

方法大黄煎液制备小鼠脾虚证模型后，以3种剂量(12.5、25、37.5g/kg)的四君子汤进行治疗，测定小鼠体重、体温、消化道内食糜平均滞留时间、胃排空速率、胃泌素与胃动素水平、脾脏和胸腺脂数。

As well as activity was exhibited. Theaddition of cinchonidine led to a remarkable increase in the reaction rate, as confirmed bythe IR study that the modifier activates the carbonyl groups of the reactant through itsquinuclidine nitrogen. On the contrary,〓 exerted a strong inhibition effect on theenantioselective hydrogenation. Chapter 3 Finely dispersed polyvinylpyrrolidone-stabilized iridium andbimetallic clusters were prepared by the alcohol-water reduction method.

第三章 采用醇水还原的方法制备了聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮稳定的铱纳米簇及双金属纳米簇，对丙酮酸甲酯的催化氢化表明，在铱金属簇催化体系中，辛可尼定不仅诱导了一定的对映选择性，同时对反应活性有明显的促进作用，平均反应速率可提高2-6倍。

Results showed that the change of photosynthesis of the first whorl of leaves was similar generally between the stock and the cion, changing from leaf discolor, grey green, stable to senescent stages, and that the max net photosynthetic rate P(superscript max, photosynthetic saturated light intensity and chlorophyll content of the leaves changed continuously with the phenophases, which rose rapidly and then dropped slowly after the peak, whereas the change of their light compensation point was just the opposite.

结果表明，橡胶树籽苗芽接苗砧木和接穗第1蓬叶的光合特性变化规律基本相似，从变色期、淡绿期、稳定期，到衰老期，其叶片的表观量子效率、最大净光合速率P(下标 max、光饱和点和叶绿素含量等均随着物候期变化而不断变化，变化趋势为先迅速升高，达到最高值后缓慢下降；光补偿点的变化趋势则相反。

It is well known that the multi-value CDMA spreading codes can be designed by means of a pair of mirror multi-rate filter-banks based on some optimizing criteria. The dissertation indicates that there exists a theoretical bound in the performance of its circular correlation property, which can be described by an explicit expression.

研究了基于两带镜像多速率滤波器组来设计的多值CDMA扩展码的方法，并推导出了基于这种方法设计的码序列在循环相关特性方面所能达到的极限，以及达到此理论极限时应满足的条件；在此基础上，提出了一种基于熵最大化准则来产生CDMA扩展码的设计方法。

The following are the expressions for the mean pressure set up at the detection plate and for the time of the signal to progagate from the radiator to the detector:这里是1个公式,省略） where Re is the real part of the expression appearing within the braces, 0 is the density of the medium, vo is the amplitude of the vibrational velocity, c is the speed of sound in the medium, d2 = I +(r/zcos 8, z is the distance between the emitting and receiving plates, B is the angle between the axis of the acoustic channel and the axis of the tube, r = vro/c, v is the flow speed of the fluid, d is the diameter of the pipe, m is the circular frequency, k is the wave number, where a is the radius of the plate (this is taken as the same for the emitting and receiving plates for simplicity, but there is no difficulty in discussing plates differ~mg in radii),,~ is the vibrational frequency of the emitting plate, and The triple sums in the expressions for N~ and N2 may be neglected if the flow speed is low, since the contributions for these become negligible.

以下的表情为代表的压力设置在检测板甲，手持骑枪和时间的信号 progagate从散热器排出到检测器(这里是1个公式、省略)。在什么地方才是真正的出现在背带，表现为0密度的吗当时的媒介的振幅振动速度、c是声音的速度中、d2 =我+ r / z，8、z是距离的发射和接收板、B之间的角度对声信道和轴轴管，r = vro / c，v的流体的流动速率公式，d 管直径的圆频率，m，凯西是波数公式* n，一个是半径的板(这是作为相同的发射和接收吗为了简单，但板板是毫无困难地讨论不同半径)、镁-，~的振动频率的发光，。总结了三倍的表达方式和N2 ~能忽略的流量速度低，因为这些变得微不足道的贡献。

1Niche construction can lead to stable coexistence of diverse genotypes in spatially structured population, which supports a stable polymorphism even without heterozygote superiority.(2)With habitat deterioration, niche construction accelerates the formation of steady polymorphism and hence impedes the harmful influences of environment on the population, which might embody a life-history strategy of organism under the unfavorable environment.(3)Niche construction results in the coexistence with alternative polymorphism through genotype-environment feedback and limited gene flow.(4)The niche-constructing organism is an active force to alter its environment and hence the direction of natural selection in order to better survival.(5)Spatial dynamics and distribution pattern of metapopulation are profoundly influenced by time-lagged niche construction.(6)Metapopulation size can reach a fixed level in the recency effect and equal weighting of time lag but is statistical stability in primacy effect, which implies the primacy effect is most remarkable.(7)The increment in the relative weightingof each generation\' niche construction and the length of time lag are significant factors for system destabilization.(8)Moderate capacity of positive niche construction benefits the metapopulation persistence.(9)The narrowing of niche breadth can decrease the metapopulation size and thereby increase the extinction risk.(10)The coupled function of time lag and niche construction make the system oscillation and generate the spiral wave, spiral-broken and circular wave in heterogeneous habitat.The spatial distributions of metapopulation and resource content are complementary due to a phase lag of their both frequencies.(12)Metapopulation persistence with niche construction depends not only on the balance between colonization and extinction, but also on the balance between the ability of niche construction and natural dissipation of habitat.(13)Metapopula-tion can survive under certain condition when the percent of suitable patches in habitat is lower than the ration of extinction to colonization.(14)Two thresholds exist in the process of transition of habitat quality dynamics from unsuitable to suitable, which include the intensity of niche construction and the initial condition of system.(15)Metapopulation size is positive correlated with the ability of positive niche construction, which means that organism or population who has strongly positive influences on their environment plays an important role to maintain the available habitat.

通过上述几个方面的研究，主要得出以下15条结论：(1)生态位构建可使空间结构种群，甚至是在没有杂合子优势的条件下，形成多种可能的稳定基因型分布模式；(2)随着环境的破坏与恶化，种群的生态位构建作用加速其较早形成稳定多态以阻碍环境对种群的不利影响，解释了有机体在不利环境下的一种生活史对策；(3)生态位构建作用通过基因型—环境反馈机制及有限的基因交流导致基因型多态的稳定共存；(4)有机体的生态位构建作用是一种积极的动力改变环境进而改变其自然选择的方向；(5)生态位构建的时滞作用对集合种群动态和空间分布产生深刻影响；(6)集合种群大小在时滞的崭新效应和等权重效应下达到一固定值，而在首位效应下达到统计稳定，表明首位效应的影响最显著；(7)首位效应下生态位构建相对权重的增量和时滞的长度是影响系统不稳定性动态的关键因素；(8)适中的生态位构建强度有利于集合种群的续存；(9)生态位宽度变窄会减少集合种群的数量从而增加其灭绝风险；(10)时滞和生态位构建的双重作用使系统产生周期振荡，并在异质性环境中产生稳定的螺旋波，破碎的螺旋波和环形波三种分布模式；(11)集合种群与资源含量的空间分布因为相滞而互补；(12)具有生态位构建的集合种群续存不仅取决于侵占率与灭绝率之间的平衡，而且依赖于生态位构建能力同其生境的自然消耗速率之间的妥协；(13)当生境中适合侵占的斑块比例小于其侵占率与灭绝率之比时，生态位构建作用促使集合种群在一定条件下续存：(14)生境斑块的状态从不适合到适合转变过程中存在生态位构建强度和系统初始条件这两个阈值；(15)集合种群的大小同正生态位构建能力正相关，意味着对环境具有较强正作用的有机体对维持有效生境起积极作用。

HOW does the regulation of citrate synthase control the rate of cellular respiration in pig heart tissue?

柠檬酸合成的调节如何控制猪心脏组织中细胞呼吸作用的速率？

In this paper, the problem of the robust stability and decay estimations of such control system is considered. Several new criteria are given by applying the differential theorem, the decay rate for this class of system is also obtained.

根据微分方程理论和矩阵指数特性，提出了具有不确定性的时滞控制系统与时滞相关和与时滞无关稳定的充分性判据，并给出系统衰减速率的估计方法。

For soft clays, the initial rate of ground settlement is faster than that in clayey soil.

在凝聚性土层中开挖隧道，随土层强度越弱，初使沉陷速率越快。

In a computer, the tendency is to operate as high as a clock rate as possible.

在计算机中，趋势是以尽可能高的时钟速率运作。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。