速率

The plastic deformation induced due to cyclic rotation of principal stress axes alone can be in the same magnitude as that due to shear with fixed principal stress axes. 2 The volumetric strain due to shearing of cyclic rotation of principal stress axes is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. The former is characterized by its reversibility and is independent of past shear history, the latter by its irreversibility increases with the increase of cycle number yet its increase rate decreases with its accumulation. 3 The obvious non-coaxiality between directions of the principal stresses and principal strain increments is found and its degree depends largely on the change of shear stress component. 4 The intermediate principal stress has considerable effects on the deformation behavior of sands in the condition of cyclic rotation of principal stress axes. The accumulation rate of the irreversible dilatancy component increases with the increase of the intermediate principal stress parameter.

具有初始各向异性的砂土在纯应力主轴循环旋转排水条件下的主要变形规律为：①纯应力主轴循环旋转可产生与应力主轴固定单调剪切处于同一数量级的塑性变形；②纯应力主轴循环旋转引起的剪切体变包含可逆性剪切体变分量和不可逆性剪切体变分量两部分，其中可逆性剪切体变分量在一周内可完全恢复，基本与应力历史无关；不可逆性剪切体变分量随循环周数的增加呈单调增加，且增加速率随其自身累积值的增大呈减小趋势；③应变增量主轴与应力主轴之间的非共轴现象显著，且在一周内具有分段性；④中主应力对应力主轴循环旋转条件下砂土的变形特性有重要影响，不可逆性剪切体变分量的累积速率随中主应力系数的增加而增加。

His record for the velocity of life expansion was a giant puffball, which, he said, produced spores at such a rate that if materials were provided fast enough for the developing fungus, in only three generations puffballs would exceed the volume of Earth.

他的生命扩张速率的记录如同一个巨大的马勃菌，他这样说，其产生孢子的速率如此之快，只要有供给速度足够快的物质满足这真菌发展的需要，只须繁殖三代，马勃菌的体积就能超过地球。

Regarding (6) type, when tradition Time variable t is two spatial vectors (+ psi 1i) and (- psi 2j) Crossed products v also is not 0, it (x1, x2, x3) differs 90 compared to on speed with the three-dimensional space in the space by the pure imaginary number attribute, I=e^I pi, therefore it Number space has in the physical property with the dot product constitution the difference, because Crossed products psi 1i (X psi 2j extremely small visible it is equal to zero under the conventional speed, but is very big in the object movement speed time, Crossed products psi 1i (X psi 2j in the physical quantity and for the quantum mechanics in may not to the easy quantity, its space and the conventional space is different, the performance is intrinsic or the interior space If the definition vector (+ psi 1i) and (- psi 2j) the dot product constitutes the three-dimensional space (x1, x2, x3) is exterior space, but the three-dimensional space which (+ psi 1i) and (- psi 2j) Crossed products constitutes by the vector is the internal space, contrasts its component

对于⑥式，传统时间量t为两个空间矢量(+ψ1i)与(-ψ2j)的叉积比上速度v且不为0，其与三维空间(x1，x2，x3)在空间上相差90度以纯虚数表征，I=e^Iπ，故其与点积构成的实空间有物理性质上的不同，因为在常规速率下叉积ψ1i(Xψ2j非常小可视其等于零，而在物体运动速率很大时，叉积ψ1i(Xψ2j之中物理量与则为量子力学中的不可对易量，其空间与常规空间不同，表现为一个内在或内部性空间。若定义矢量(+ψ1i)与(-ψ2j)点积所构成的三维空间(x1，x2，x3)为外部空间，而由矢量(+ψ1i)与(-ψ2j)叉积而构成的三维空间为内部空间，对比其分量

The speed of the coordinating reaction between pyridine and Co is higher than that between pyridine and Fe.

吡啶与Co结合的速率比Fe结合的速率快。

There was a significant quadratic correlation between the mean soil respiration and cutting intensity.

林地有机质含量是土壤呼吸速率年平均值变化的主要影响因素，其对林地土壤呼吸速率的影响也将是一个长期的过程。

Results The purification effect was satisfactory when the concentration of original solution of the extract of Cacumen Platycladi was 0.20 gmL^(-1), the loading amount was 0.375 g of Cacumen Platycladi per 1 mL of wet AB-8 resin, the adsorption velocity was 1 mLmin^(-1), the eluant was 70% alcohol being 4 times as much as the resin volume, and the elution velocity was 2 mLmin^(-1). AB-8 resin could be used for 3 times repeatedly after being reproduced by 95% of ethanol and 1 moLL^(-1) of natrium hydroxydatum. The remaining rate of the total flavonoids and quercitrin was over 70% and 95% respectively, and the remaining rate of peaks 1~3 was over 90%.

结果 AB-8型大孔吸附树脂纯化效果较好，最佳工艺条件为：上样液浓度为含生药量0.20gmL^(-1)，上样量为每1mL湿树脂上样0.375g生药，吸附速率为1mLmin^(-1)，洗脱液为4倍柱体积的70%乙醇，洗脱速率为2mLmin^(-1)；树脂经95%乙醇和1moLL^(-1)氢氧化钠溶液再生后，可重复使用3次。

Capillary Electrophoresis as a Method for Determining Hydrolysis Rate Constant of Raffinose Capillary electrophoresis was first employed for the determination of hydrolysis rate constant of trisaccharide raffinose.

测定棉子糖水解速率常数的毛细管电泳方法毛细管电泳首次用于测定三糖的水解速率常数。

This dissertation involves the study of the growth dynamics of colloidal particles under unequilibrium and irreversibility condition. Firstly, it is of interest to investigate whether the ideal diffusion or reaction-limited aggregation universal behavior can be observed for the initially polydisperse practical system of basic yttrium carbonate as well. The fractal structure of basic yttrium carbonate aggregate cluster was observed using transmission eletron microscopy. The aggregation kinetics of basic yttrium carbonate colloids was studed using dynamic 1ight-scattering techniques. At 1.00mol/l NaCl solution the fast diffusion-limited aggregation behavior was observed with an increase in the aggregate size over time described by a power law. The aggregates are characterized by a fractal dimension D=1.82. The disordered and ramified cluster is consisted of primary colloidal particles and tenuous and more open. These are in good agreement with those observed for other colloidal system such as colloidal gold (1.86), silica (1.85) and polystyrene latex (1.82) in diffusion-limited aggregation from the static and dynamic light scattering by Lin. Therefore ideal diffusion-limited aggregation behavior can be observed in practical polydisperse system as well. Smoluchwski and fractal theories were used to obtain the aggregation rate constant for initially polydisperse system for the first time.

本论文研究胶粒的非平衡不可逆聚集动态学，分为两个部分，第一部分是通过实验研究一个新的初始多分散的碱式碳酸钇胶粒实际体系中，聚集标度性质的普适性，即使用透射电子显微技术观测聚集粒子簇的分形结构，使用动态激光光散射研究碱式碳酸钇胶粒的聚集动力学，胶粒带电而产生静电排斥作用使得碱式碳酸钇胶粒处于稳定状态，当加入电解质NaCl溶液时，碱式碳酸钇胶粒间的Debye-Hückel屏蔽距离缩短，从而降低静电排斥能垒，引起胶粒发生不可逆聚集，加入电解质NaCl的浓度为1.00mol/l时，碱式碳酸钇胶粒进行快速聚集，经历扩散控制聚集机理，形成结构疏松、更为开放的分形聚集粒子簇，其分形维数为1.82，碱式碳酸钇胶粒聚集增长动力学遵循幂函数增长规律，与Lin等使用静态激光光散射和动态激光光散射测量硅胶(1.85)、金胶(1.86)和聚苯乙烯胶乳(1.82)在扩散控制聚集状态形成聚集粒子簇的分形维数值以及粒子簇聚集增长的动力学规律相一致，表明胶粒聚集标度性质的普适性质在初始多分散的实际体系中也是存在的，首次由动态激光光散射的实验数据得到初始多分散胶粒分形粒子簇的聚集速率常数，并且其值与Smoluchowski聚集速率理论预期相符。

The actual rate of decay may be somewhat greater or less than this expected rate.

衰变的实际速率可以比这个预期速率稍大些或稍小些。

There are exponential functions between the reaction rate constants and electrode potential, NaCl concentration respectively, while the rate constant and initial dye concentration are related with the reciprocal function. Furthermore, the decoloration rate was reduced obviously by high temperature.

脱色反应符合一级动力学，反应速率常数分别与阳极电位、氯化钠浓度存在指数函数关系，与染料初始浓度存在倒数函数关系；高温明显降低脱色降解反应速率。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。