速度

For new HSR,"although the world speed record for a wheeled train was set in 1990 by a French TGV which reached a speed of 515 km/h (320 mph),"(Quade, 2003) high-speed trains typically travel at top service speeds of between 250 km/h (150 mph) to 300 km/h (180 mph).

新叶， "尽管目前世界速度纪录轮式火车是在1990年由一位法国的TGV达速度515公里/小时( 320英里)，"( quade ， 2003 )高速列车一般旅行顶服务速度在250公里/小时( 150英里)，以300公里/小时( 180英里)。

At first in the preliminary design this paper computes the linear damping coefficient of the viscous damper employed in this project using Composite Response Spectra approach, meantime, this paper proves that reducing the exponent of velocity of the piston can increase the magnitude of the dissipative energy, because of the viscous damper employed in the practical project character nonlinear behavior; next this chapter performs analysis and comparison between the building without and with the viscous dampers aforementioned when the building suffers from various Time Domain Response, from the angle of displacement, interstroy drift, velocity, interstory velocity, acceleration, energy, maximum axial force of the dampers and of the column etc., in order to prove that the incorporating the viscous dampers into the buildings has great superiority on enhancing its aseismic performance ; furthermore, this chapter also expatiates on diverse assembly form of the viscous dampers that results in the adverse impact on the internal force of the structural member in this building, on the ground of which this segment bring about the preference of the assembly form of the viscous damper; finally this chapter points out the sphere of application of the analysis and computation using Composite Response Spectra approach in design: it is available in well-proportioned stiffness structures and isn抰 available in the structures that contain weak story. It is recommendable, particularly, to incorporate the fluid viscous dampers into this structure that contain weak story to refrain earthquake and reinforce, such as the Central Hall of Shanghai Exhibition Hall.

首先使用了反应谱分析法设计出欲附设的粘滞阻尼器的线性阻尼系数，由于实际工程所用的粘滞阻尼器具有非线性的特性，故而笔者又证明了降低速度指数对提高粘滞阻尼器的耗能量的优势所在；接着分别从位移、层间位移、速度、层间速度、加速度、能量、最大阻尼出力和柱轴力等不同的角度对结构在附设粘滞阻尼器前后的时程反应进行了分析对比，籍此在实际工程中证明了附设粘滞阻尼器对于提高结构的抗震性能的优越性；再者，笔者还阐述了采用不同的粘滞阻尼器布置方式对结构中构件内力特别是柱轴力和基座竖向反力产生的不利影响，并在此基础上提出了布置方式的优选；最后，指出了反应谱法在设计中的适用范围：对于均匀结构反应谱法能够使用，而对于含有薄弱层的结构反应谱法并不适用；对于类似于上海展览馆中央大厅的含薄弱层的结构尤其值得使用粘滞阻尼器的方法进行抗震加固。

Experimental results show that, compared with the normal pulse, the wiry pulse has an increased PWV(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05), the thready pulse has a decreased PWV(P＜0.05),but the PWV of the smooth pulse is not significantly different from the normal's (P＞0.05). PWV highly correlates with the artery blood pressure.

实验测定的结果表明，弦脉的脉搏波速度比同龄组平脉有显著性增大(P＜0.01或P＜0.05)，细脉的脉搏波速度比同龄组平脉有所减小(P＜0.05)，而滑脉与同龄组的平脉相比无显著性差异(P＞0.05)；脉搏波速度与动脉血压之间具有很大的相关性。

And a new method determining threshold velocity is proposed. The threshold velocity determining by this method agrees with that by empirical results. Also the relation of the threshold velocity and frequency of explosion is analyzed.

在此基础上提出了一种确定安全速度阈值的方法，并确定了爆破荷载作用下黄麦岭磷矿采场岩质边坡的安全速度阈值，分析了安全速度阈值同爆破荷载频率之间的关系。

Turbine speed is controlled by the turbine speed refer2ence signal TNR. The maximum speed called for by TNR is lim2ited by the high2speed stop control constant.

汽机速度由汽机速度参考信号TNR控制， TNR调用的最高速度由高速停机控制常量加以限制。

From the lifespan of relay point of view, a reliability criterion was provided based on dynamic characteristics of anti-forces. Mathematical model of tolerance design with reliability was set up under usage of "stress-strength interference method", taken some critical dynamic characteristics as identification objects such beginning of contact separation speed, speed of collision and gag bit impact velocity. This model showed that lower values of characteristic parameters center and quantitative descriptively relationship between tolerance and product reliability. Multi-objective optimization model of relay tolerance distribution was completed when some factors such as reliability, processing costs and its feasibility into consideration. Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process to determine weight coefficients of various objectives, and usage of simulated annealing, this study performed optimal reliable tolerance allocation of space electromagnetic relay, and then key technology segments were analyzed, accompanying its course measured by controlling chart.

从继电器电寿命的角度，基于动态吸反力特性的配合提出了继电器的可靠性判别准则；在此基础上以触点分离初速度、触点碰撞速度以及衔铁碰撞速度等关键动态特性为判别对象，采用"应力-强度干涉法"建立了继电器可靠性容差设计数学模型，给出了下位特性参数中心值及其容差与产品可靠度之间的定量描述关系；综合考虑可靠度、加工成本及加工可行性等因素建立了继电器容差分配的多目标优化模型，基于层次分析法确定了各目标的权重系数，并采用模拟退火法实现了航天电磁继电器的可靠性容差最优分配；研究了继电器的关键工艺环节，并通过控制图对其过程能力进行了分析。

From the angle of kinematics,this essay has analyzed speed-rybthm problem in the triple jump .

就三级跳远中的速度—节奏问题，从运动学的角度阐述了水平速度的发挥与节奏，降低三跳中水平速度的损失与技术、节奏的关系，说明节奏在三级跳远训练中的重要意义与价值

The agglomerations sizes of fine particles in the fluidized bed are smaller under higher SPL. The sound waves have little effect on the agglomerations when it is under 120dB. But the agglomerations sizes will be dramatically reduced to 180μm from 720μm when the SPL is above 130dB. The umf has a minimum value at an appropriate frequency of sound and a good quality of fluidization can exist in a greater ranges of frequency of sound when the SPL is higher.

当频率高于120Hz，流化床中形成聚团尺寸随着频率的增加而增大，最小流化速度也随着频率的增加而增大，当频率低于120Hz，流化床中形成聚团尺寸随着频率的减小而增大，最小流化速度也随着频率的减小而增大；料层越高，声波的衰减越大，超细颗粒的流化效果越差，最小流化速度越大。

The minimum fluidization velocity has a minimum value when the frequency of sound waves is 120Hz and it will decrease as the sound pressure level increases. The degree of sound attenuation will increase while bed material is higher and the fluidization quality of fine particles will become poor and the minimum fluidization velocity will increase. Compared with TiO2, the SiO2 fine particles have a better quality of fluidization at the same fluidized conditions.The cluster/subcluster model and oscillators model are used to describe the fluidization characteristics of fine particles in a sound-assisted fluidized bed. The theoretical calculations show that the minimum fluidization velocity umf is decreased with the SPL increased at the same frequency of sound and the quality of fluidization is better.

论文还系统的考察了声压和频率对纳米SiO2和TiO2颗粒流化特性的影响，结果表明：在频率一定的情况下，声压越高，流化床中形成的聚团尺寸越小，最小流化速度越低，流化质量越好；当声压低于120dB时，声场对超细颗粒流化特性的影响减小，当声压大于130dB时，则能显著改善流化效果，使流化床内的颗粒聚团明显减小，最小流化速度明显降低，粉体带出减小；声压一定，频率为120Hz左右时，最小流化速度最低，此时流化床中形成的聚团尺寸最小，流化效果最好；超细颗粒达到较好的流化状态存在一个最佳频率范围，随着声压增高，这个频率范围将增大。

Seepage velocity smoothly change from a steady value to a new steady value, the ratio of the new steady value over the original steady value might increase hundreds of thousand times or even more, but it is always finite.（3）Water-inrush goes with the failure of rock strata, but seepage velocity can not increase unendingly, so seepage flow cant be unstable.

研究表明：由于非Darcy流β因子恒为正值，渗流系统总是稳定的；当渗透特性随时间变化时，渗流速度从一稳定值平滑地过渡到一新的稳定值，新的稳定值与原稳定值之比可以增大到几万至几百万倍，但是总是有限的；突水是岩层结构破裂引起的渗流速度快速或急剧变化，但渗流速度不可能无止境地增大，即渗流不可能失稳。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷