通过透镜

And then,the signals after the vignette point are predicted by grey-prediction model.

通过对距透镜不同位置处的粒子板进行测量，用灰色系统建模和无模式算法处理数据验证了该方法的有效性。

In the source, lithium ions are extracted from a heated emitter (β- Eucryptite), focused by a electrostatic lens, and neutralized in a charge -exchange cell by sodium atoms.

它是从锂霞石热发射体上引出离子，经静电透镜聚焦，在中和室与钠原子进行电荷交换，通过离子偏转最后获得中性束。

To obtain precise result, itis necessary, in the aspect of hardware, to set up one stable optics system with highSNR, only if so, can we do the measurement with the steady NIR. To do so, we designthe optics system using AOTF, and take some measures to increase the light energyand the system SNR, which includes the three layers structure of the light chamber,the equipments to cover the useless light, polarizing to reduce the influence of 0 gradelight and focalize the light with lens. Apart from the hardware aspect, according to theexperiments, we can see that the different temperatures between at setting up themodels and at predicting the results will affect the prediction results in a way, and theaffection extent will be increased along with the increase of the temperaturedifference. Moreover, the light energy that can be detected will be different with thecontact pressure, and the match of the refractive indexes between the tissue and thesurroundings will enhance the light transmission depth, which will take moreinformation of the tissue. So, during the measurement, we should ensure the sametemperature between measuring and predicting, the same contact pressure at everymeasurement and the match of the indexes between the tissue and the surroundings aspossible as we can.

要提高测量精度，从硬件方面就必须有一个稳定的、信噪比较高的分光光路系统，以此得到稳定的近红外光来进行无创检测，针对这个目的，我们设计了 AOTF 分光光路系统，并在系统中采用一定的措施如三层灯室结构、遮光筒以减小杂散光、起偏和检偏来减小 0 级光影响、透镜汇聚等等来提高出射光的能量和系统的信噪比；从其他影响因素方面，通过实验，我们得到不同的建模温度对于预测结果有一定的影响，且影响随着温度的差值越大而越大，另外散反射光谱的能量也随着接触压力的不同而不同，组织的折射率与环境匹配将加大光的入射深度，从而能携带更多的组织信息，所以在测量时我们尽可能保证同一温度、保证同一接触压力以及利用物理或者化学的方法使组织与环境折射率匹配等。

The coupling efficiency and alignment tolerance between the high power single emitter broad area diode laser and thecylindrical lensed multimode fiber has been discussed in the forth chapter; in addition, the simulation and the experiment have been done to support the theoretical results.

第四章详细讨论了利用柱状楔形微透镜多模光纤与大功率宽发射域半导体激光器的耦合效率；同样利用计算机辅助模拟了耦合过程，并通过实验验证了耦合系统的可行性，讨论了其在三维方向的容忍度。

In this paper,the phase distortion has been discussed,by using different reconstruction beam to reconstruct digital holographic image of 3D ob- ject in lensless Fourier holography.

本文研究了离轴无透镜傅里叶变换数字全息中，用非原参考光再现三维物体而引入的相位畸变问题，通过详细的理论分析，得出相应的相位畸变表达式。

The research for the three-photon correlated imaging with incoherent light of lensless Fourier-transform is reported.

首次从理论上提出了利用非相干光场在无透镜的情况下，得出高阶干涉光的三阶关联函数解析式，并证明了非相干光场通过傅里叶变换，完全能够实现多光子的关联成像。

Three important conclusions are achieved: 1 By analyzing the demand for spatial resolution of recording medium in different digital holographic recording setups, it shows that lensless Fourier transform holography can relax the requirement of spatial resolution and use the full spatial bandwidth of the CCD sensor. 2 Because of the differences of spatial resolution of image planes in different directions, reconstructed images can be relatively extended in the direction of high spatial resolution and reduced in the direction of the low one. 3 Lateral resolution of the reconstructed images is mainly determined by the highest spatial frequency of digital holograms recorded by CCD, and increases with the larger CCD size, the higher spatial resolution of the CCD sensor, and the shorter recording distance.

通过分析几种不同数字全息记录光路对记录介质空间分辨率的要求表明，无透镜傅里叶变换全息光路对CCD的空间分辨率要求最低，最能充分利用CCD的带宽；再现像面的空间分辨率在不同方向上的不一致，会导致再现像在空间分辨率高的方向上相对展宽，而在空间分辨率低的方向上相对压缩；再现像的横向分辨率主要由CCD所能记录的物体的最高空间频率决定，它随CCD的尺寸和空间分辨率的提高及记录距离D的减小而提高。

But the strata with high ground water level are composed of alluvium clays、 silty clay、 gravels and crushed stone soils in Chengdu;And the shield will drive in the interzone with complicated geologic environment, especially in the strata contained more than 50 percent of gravels which diameter is greater than 5cm, also contained big grain size gravels(the maximum diameter is about 1m)、 cement gravels and silty sand with lentoid mass;And on the ground there have many serried buildings in the prosperous zone.

而成都地铁工程将主要穿越由冲积粘性土、粉土、砂砾和碎石类土组成的覆盖层，地下水位高，盾构将通过大量地质条件和环境条件均极为复杂的区间，特别是地层中还夹杂有大漂石、胶结砾石层、粉细砂透镜体，隧道围岩中直径大于5cm的砾石含量一般都在50%以上，最大的漂石直径达1m左右，且地面多为建筑物密集的繁华地区，施工难度大，国内尚无先例，在国外也无完全成熟的经验。

An apparatus for taking photographs,generally consisting of a lightproof enclosure having an aperture with a shutter ed lens through which the image of an object is focused and recorded on a photosensitive film or plate.

照相机一种用于拍摄照片的器械，一般由一遮光室组成，该遮光室带有一有层叠透镜的光圈，物体的影象通过它聚焦并被记录在一感光底片或感光板上

An apparatus for taking photographs, generally consisting of a lightproof enclosure having an aperture with a shuttered lens through which the image of an object is focused and recorded on a photosensitive film or plate.

照相机：一种用于拍摄照片的器械，一般由一遮光室组成，该遮光室带有一有层叠透镜的光圈，物体的影象通过它聚焦并被记录在一感光底片或感光板上英语词汇网 www.wbw.com.cn

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。