通过透镜

Methods On the symmetrical plane of the double-Gauss lens with 1:1 magnification,the Fraunhofer diffraction of the object surface could be formed.

方法在双高斯1：1制版镜头的对称面上形成物面的夫朗和费衍射，并使物面与茶形散斑屏重合，使得各物点均以狭缝状的光束通过透镜组在记录介质面成像。

Based on the traits of the aspherical lens, the sunlight was focused on a very small spot, and then it was transferred into a plastic fiber by an aspherical lens and a selfoc lens. A formula for calculating the optimal length of selfoc lens is presented. The optimal assembly of the aspherical lens and selfoc lens was implemented by the aid of this formula. Therefore, sunlight is coupled into a plastic fiber efficiently.

根据非球面透镜垂轴球差小的特点把太阳光会聚到很小的光点，再利用长度约为1/4节距的自聚焦透镜改变光线的数值孔径使其满足光纤的数值孔径，通过一个计算公式来计算最佳的自聚焦透镜长度，实现非球面透镜和自聚焦透镜的最佳组合，把太阳光以较高的耦合效率耦合进塑料光纤。

A beam of light (typically ultraviolet light from a mercury arc lamp) shines through the chromium mask, then passes through a lens that focuses the image onto a photosensitive coating of organic polymer on the surface of a silicon

一束光（通常是汞弧灯发出的紫外光）先穿透铬光罩，然后通过透镜把影像聚焦在晶圆表面的有机高分子感光涂料。

A beam of light (typically ultraviolet light from a mercury arc lamp) shines through the chromium mask, then passes through a lens that focuses the image onto a photosensitive coating of organic polymer on the surface of a silicon wafer.

一束光（通常是汞弧灯发出的紫外光）先穿透铬光罩，然后通过透镜把影像聚焦在晶圆表面的有机高分子感光涂料。

Both the spherical and semispherical microlenses have a function of imaging. The result shows that semi-spherical has better imaging effect.

通过2种微透镜的显像对比证实，半球微透镜阵列比整球微透镜阵列具有更为清晰的多重显像效果。

As scale graduation pattern is used a steel tape with 200 μm grating pitch.The light from an infrared LED with a small light emitting surface is columnated parallel by a condenser lens and directed through the scanning reticle to the scale.

由红外发光二极管发出的一束光截面很小的红外光通过透镜后形成平行光束，该平行光束通过扫描窗照射到光栅尺上。

The lens axicon is based on the use of the spherical aberration of the mirror surfaces,which is inexpensive and easy to manufacture into a element with large apertures as compared with diffractive axicons,refractive cone axicons,and earlier lens axicons with aspheric surfaces;the opaque disk can offer the Bessel beams with long non-diffracting distances,and the diameter of the central peak is adjusted by choosing the focal length of the collimating lens;the tunable fluidic conical lens is a new device for generating Bessel beams,which can obtain the Bessel beams with different parameters by varying the refractive indexes of the solution which is filled in the device.

双透镜轴棱锥法主要基于透镜球面像差的运用，与衍射轴棱锥、折射轴棱锥和早期的非球面轴棱锥相比，具有加工简单、便宜，易于制作大尺寸的特点；不透明障碍物法得到的贝塞尔光束具有很长的无衍射距离，其直径可通过选择不同焦距的准直透镜来得到调节；可调流体轴棱锥是一种产生贝塞尔光束的新型器件，它可以很容易地通过改变注入器件的液体的折射率来得到不同参量的贝塞尔光束。

In this dissertation, based on the beam propagation equation in the free-space, the hyperbolic-fit mothed is used to calculate the M2- factor of Gaussian beams passing through a spherically aberrated lens for the first time.

本论文根据自由空间中光束的传输方程，利用多点拟合的方法，通过数值计算，首次研究了激光束通过球差透镜后的M~2因子随球差的变化规律，并用M~2因子、桶中功率和K参数作为光束质量评价参数，讨论了透镜的像差、遮拦比等对激光光束质量的影响。

A novel method of measuring plus lens's focus is given, which is based on LCD, CCD, and digital image processing It is also a discussion on photoelectric method of automatically measuring parameters of an optic system In this method, a LCD is used as a reticle of the collimator, while the image on the accepting side is transformed into digital image and is sent into a computer The focus can finally be calculated out through digital image processing and analysis The method of measurement is introduce...

讨论了一种基于LCD、CCD和数字图像处理的正透镜焦距测量方法，是光电法自动化测量光学系统多个参数的一种有益的探讨。用液晶屏显示分划图形取代平行光管的分划板，用CCD在接收方采集数字图像并送入计算机，通过图像处理和分析得出被测透镜的焦距。运用叠加的方法提高图像的信噪比；结合重心法和平行线拟合方法求取平行线对的间距；应用高精度焦距标准透镜标定数字图像和实际像之间的比例关系。详细介绍了测量和图像处理的方法，进行了公式推导和误差分析，并给出了实验结果

By looking through the lenses, van leeuwenhoek realized that there was a whole world filled with microscopic living things.

范。拉乌文胡克通过透镜观察，认识到整个世界都充满了微生物。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。