通过权

Two-phase-learning is adopted. The strongpoint is that intuitionistic knowledge can be used to control the segmentation by using input-weight and distant-weight. Examples prove that segmentation using SOFM network is right and efficient. Surface fitting is an absolutely necessarily process in REGM. Surface fitting includes algebraic and parametric surface fitting. Algebraic surface fitting has not extra requirement for data distribute format and boundary shape.

第三种方法把人工智能用于反向工程的数据分区，因为数据分区的实质是相似特征的聚类，而神经网络可以实现自组织特征映射，在本论文中第一次把自组织特征映射神经网络用于多视图点云的数据分区，通过神经网络对数据点的坐标、法向量等几何特征进行聚类，并且运用了快速稳定的训练方法——两阶段训练算法，最重要的是，通过距离权值和输入权值可以把用户观察所得的直观知识加入聚类过程。

To realize the purpose , the emphases should be laid on the following : to strengthen the power of the central government for adjusting and controlling the macro-economy by a reasonable arrangement for the power of taxation;to improve the efficiency of taxation by decreasing the income tax rate; to realize the fair competition among enterprises and harmonious development between economy and society.

围绕这个目标，改革应通过合理配置税权增强中央的宏观调控权和地方对公共产品的供给能力，通过降低税率提高税收的效率，通过合理配置优惠政策，实现企业公平竞争和经济社会协调发展。

Chinese company law could be improved through unification of legal norms, clarification of the meaning of terms, and supplement of correlative regulations; Modeling on German and Japanese law, limited norms should be adopted for the object of right to address inquiries. Chinese company law should re-locate the object of right to address inquiries to matters related to topics of general meeting of shareholders. Objective standard should be adopted. Third, by incorporating elements such as beforehand written inquiry, Chinese company law could be further perfected in the area of time, venue, representation and reproduction of right of access to documents. This is a conclusion based on thorough research and summary of practice of various countries. Fourth, the author pointed out the international trend of relaxation of objective limits and specification of subjective limits, and proposed the standards for limitation and the distribution principle of inversion of burden of proof.

以德国、日本法为例，说明质询权客体原则上采限制规范，建议我国公司法可将质询权客体重新定位为与股东会会议议题有关的事项，且判断的标准采客观标准；第三，通过对各国及各地区立法行使方式的具体规范进行总结，认为我国公司法可从时间、地点、代理、复制等方面对查阅权行使方式进行完善，引入事前书面质询、设立说明义务免除等制度对质询权行使方式进行构建，使具体制度更具可操作性；第四，根据各国及各地区立法客观性条件限制逐渐放宽及主观性条件限制更加具体的趋势，结合我国公司法规定，对客观条件限制进行了探讨和设定，提出主观条件限制概括加列举的立法模式及举证责任倒置的分配原则。

Specifically for current our country negative attitude to silent right, value theory and our national condition the main body of a book is passed weighing up combining with keeping silent, disadvantage analysis has been explained building silent right system benefit greater than in our country, our country needs to lead into silent right system.

针对我国当前对沉默权的否定态度，本文通过结合沉默权的价值理论和我国国情，分析说明了在我国建立沉默权制度利大于弊，我国需要引入沉默权制度。

The positive test draws the following conclusions: control rights is significantly negatively related with firm value which indicates that the bigger control rights the actual controller hold, the lower firm value is; cash flow rights is significantly negatively related with firm value which may due to the ravening share bonus deeds by controlling shareholder; the separation ratio of cash flow rights to control rights is negatively related with firm value and not significant which may due to the ravening share bonus deeds,or the deficient market, or inadequate information exposure etc; stock proportion restriction is significantly positive related with firm value which indicates the good effect of stock proportion restriction; actual controller who participate in the management and the ratio of director who have position in controlling shareholder's company don't pass the significant test; the size of the company is significantly negatively related with firm value; the ROE cannot explain the firm value.

通过实证检验发现，我国金字塔结构下民营上市公司的治理效应有以下特征：控制权与公司价值显著负相关，说明实际控制人掌握的控制权越大，公司价值越低；现金流权与公司价值显著负相关，这可能与我国民营上市公司控股股东的"掠夺性分红"行为有关；现金流权与控制权的分离率和公司价值负相关且未通过显著性检验，这可能与控股股东的"掠夺性分红"行为有关，也可能与市场的不完善、信息披露的不充分等有关；股权制衡度与公司价值显著正相关，说明我国民营上市公司的股权制衡机制能够产生一定程度的效果；实际控制人参与管理情况与在控股股东单位任职的董事比例和公司价值的关系均未通过显著性检验；公司规模与公司价值显著负相关；ROE对公司价值没有解释力。

In the part of empirical analysis of Chinese IPO first-day return, the difference between existing study and this study is that we use principal components analysis to extract from five factors to construct investors'sentiment index, add it to controled varibles, on which we examine the influence of offering mechanism on IPO first-day return. Moreover, we gather statistics and compare the IPO holding return for lockup period between fixed-price-class offering method and bookbuilding-class offering method, as well as price range between Chinese A-share market and Hongkong stock market, which prvide comprehensive evidence to appraise Chinese IPO bookbuilding mechanism. 2. Compare to the existing literatures which consider discount or allocation, incentive allocation and discount are considered at the same time in optimal mechanism design in this dissertation, and the offering bottom price is introduced to the price range. We investigate the relationship between price range and allocation quantity, and obtain the optimal price range and allocation strategy so that the advantages of independent allocation are reflected. On the other hand, the disadvantages of independent allocation are reflected in the manipulation in case of no restriction on IPO allocation. To distinguish from the existing literatures, bookbuilding mechanism is introduced to the model. We study the allocation strategy adopted by the underwriter in the pooling equilibrium of manipulation. In addition, we analyze the incentive compatibility conditions to which the existence of pooling equilibrium should satisfy and examine some factors'impact on the existence of manipulation.3. In bookbuilding without independent IPO allocation, Chinese realistic IPO background is considered and the condition of bookbuilding and fixed-price hybrid offering is added. Divide bookbuilding and fixed-price hybrid offering into sequential hybrid and simultaneous hybrid, and point out that the key points of subscription strategy in the two kinds of hybrid are different. Through modeling and simulation we obtain the impact of institutional investors'subscription strategy on bookbuilding without independent IPO allocation, which fill the gap in related research. Moreover, in the part of IPO bookbuilding with over-allotment option, the pricing strategy is divided into hot-IPO strategy and weak-IPO strategy. Take into account the procedure of Chinese IPO with over-allotment option, it presents how the underwriter determines the pricing strategy and what effect it brings to offering price and issue size through modeling and simulation. Therefore, it is instructive as a complement to existing literatures.

此外，对我国A股市场询价发行方式与固定价格发行方式下的IPO锁定期到期时持有收益率、以及我国A股市场与香港市场的询价发行价格区间进行了统计比较，为评价我国IPO市场的询价发行提供了比较全面的依据。2、相比已有文献仅考虑折价和分配中的一种激励措施，本论文在有自主配售权下的机制设计中并用了分配与折价两种激励措施，并且在价格区间的制定中引入发行底价，考察了价格区间与分配量之间的关系，得到最优的价格区间和分配策略，从中体现自主分配权的优点；在有自主分配权下的操纵行为研究中则体现了自主配售权的弊端，与已有文献不同的是，在模型中引入了累计投标询价机制，研究了承销商在混同均衡操纵中采取的分配策略，并对操纵存在的条件进行分析讨论，得出各个因素对混同均衡操纵存在的影响。3、在无自主分配权下的询价发行中，充分考虑了我国实际应用的背景，加入了与固定价格发售混合的条件，并将询价与固定价格混合发行分为序贯与同步两种方式，指出机构投资者在两种情况下申购策略的侧重点各有不同，通过对序贯混合发行方式下的网下累计投标策略以及同步混合发行方式下的资金分配策略的模型建立和数值仿真，考察了机构投资者申购策略对无自主分配权下的询价发行的影响，填补了相关研究文献的空白；在包含超额配售选择权的询价发行中，将发行定价策略分为热销策略和弱销策略，在考虑了我国含超额配售选择权的发行流程下，通过建模以及数值仿真得出承销商会对发行定价策略作出怎样的选取，进而会对新股发行价格、发售数量产生怎样的影响，对目前相关研究的缺乏做出了有益的补充。

Throught adaptive algorithm of network, the system constantly revise right values distribute so as to meet goal. Distribute the heuristic knowledge and the experience knowledge to network interconnection and right value.?The reasoning machine carries on reasoning according to the knowledge that involve in knowledge base and fact that users offer.?Through front computation of nerve network, the output port obtains the output vector.?The explanation module of ES is explained to user.At last, this paper has realized grab hydraulic system based on ANNES intelligent diagnosis, it has proven this fault diagnosis method feasibility.

ANNES的工作过程是：①首先建立知识库；②学习系统获取知识时，它只要求专家提供范例及相应的解，通过神经网络学习算法对样本进行学习，经过网络内部自适应算法不断修改权值分布以达到要求，把专家求解实际问题的启发式知识和经验分布到网络的互连及权值分布上；③推理机根据知识库中的知识和用户提供的事实进行推理；④通过神经网络的前向计算，在输出端获得输出矢量：⑤经专家系

Finally through to the GMRY crisis management present situation analysis and the company interior crisis cause based on the strategic stratification plane and the operation stratification plane two stratification planes, launches the strategic stratification plane and the operation stratification plane research from the management study basic strategy management process frame and the balance idea branch customs station frame to the GMRY enterprise crisis cause, and the method which using the subjective tax power and the objective tax power, qualitative and the quota unifies determined the target the weight, unifies using the level analytic method and the fuzzy synthesis judgment law then constructs the GMRY crisis to forewarn the distinction model, and forewarns the analysis system through the enterprise crisis, surveys crisis condition which GMRY at present locates, And proposed the crisis forewarns the solution and the implementation enterprise crisis early warning system measure and the suggestion.

最后通过对GMRY公司危机管理现状的分析及公司内部危机诱因基于战略层面及运营层面的两个层面，从管理学基本的战略管理过程框架和平衡计分卡框架对GMRY公司企业危机诱因展开战略层面与运营层面的研究，并运用主观赋权和客观赋权、定性与定量相结合的方法确定出指标的权重，运用层次分析法及模糊综合评判法相结合进而构建出GMRY公司危机预警判别模型，并通过企业危机预警分析系统，测算出GMRY公司目前所处的危机状态，并提出危机预警解决方案和实施企业危机预警系统的措施和建议。

Based on fuzzy mathematics comprehensive evaluation, the toxicity of heavy metals was taken into account. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation results by pollutant concentration exceeding standard weighting method, toxic response coefficient heck-stepping index weighting method and heavy metal toxicity sorting weighting method were compared with the potential ecological risk evaluation results. The research results showed that the evaluation results by toxic response coefficient back-stepping index weighting method could reflect the actual results more truly and accurately.

在模糊数学综合评价基础上，将重金属的毒性纳入权重考虑，通过污染物浓度超标赋权法、毒性响应系数反推指数赋权法和重金属毒性大小排序赋权法的模糊综合评价结果与潜在生态危害指数评价结果比较，研究表明毒性响应系数反推指数赋权法的评价结果更能真实准确地反映实际结果。

Tuopai Group at the same time commitment, and its holding company and non-tradable shares in circulation to obtain the right to three months after the tenth to the thirty-sixth month, when the price is less than 5.00 yuan / share (due to bonus, provident fund transfer by equity, share placements, issuance of new shares and are such as to send, press the right Rehabus prices), not through the Stock Exchange held by way of sale of shares Tuopai Liquor.

沱牌集团同时承诺，以及其控股公司和非流通股的流通，以获取3个月后，有权向30第十6个月，当价格低于五点〇〇元/股(由于奖金通过公平，配股，新股发行，转让和公积金，如发送，按复权价格)，通过证券交易所举行的不出售股份的方式沱牌酒。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。