通谕的

Swiss-born Cardinal George Cottier, a prominent Vatican theologian, who presented the encyclical to the Rome press corps, smiled as one reporter asked about the kind words.

Cardinal George Cottier ，一位瑞士出生的著名梵蒂冈神学家，罗马报社的教皇通谕提供者，在回答一位记者就本尼迪克对马克思的仁慈评价的提问时，也笑着说。

The Fathers call Mary the tabernacle exempt from defilement and corruption (Hippolytus,"Ontt. in illud, Dominus pascit me"); Origen calls her worthy of God, immaculate of the immaculate, most complete sanctity, perfect justice, neither deceived by the persuasion of the serpent, nor infected with his poisonous breathings ("Hom. i in diversa"); Ambrose says she is incorrupt, a virgin immune through grace from every stain of sin Sermo xxii in Ps.

cxviii；父亲呼吁玛丽帐幕免受污辱和腐败（ hippolytus ，" ontt在通谕，上主对我科技局首席助理秘书长"）；呼吁渊源，她无愧于上帝，圣母无染原罪的圣母无染原罪，最完整的神圣性，完美的正义，既不是欺骗，劝说该蛇，也感染了他的毒breathings （"磡，我在diversa "）；刘汉铨说，她是廉，处女免疫透过恩典，从每一个染色的单仲偕（ sermo二十二，在

In his encyclical of 1302, Giovanni Minio had inculcated the rule of poverty, and forbidden both the accumulation of property and vested incomes.

在他的通谕中的1302年，乔瓦尼minio已灌输法治的贫困，并禁止双方积累的财产和既得利益者的收入。

John Paul II issued that call in his 1995 encyclical Evangelium Vitae, in response to what he characterized as a trend to demand a legal justification for contemporary attacks on human life like abortion and euthanasia,"as if they were rights which the state, at least under certain conditions, must acknowledge as belonging to citizens."

约翰·保罗二世在他的1995年《生命的福音通谕》中提出了这一要求，作为对他所描述为对人类生命之现代攻击——如堕胎和安乐死——要求法律证立的趋势的回应，"仿佛它们是权利，至少在某种情况下，国家必须承认是属于市民的。"

In the face of this defeatist mentality, the Pope argues that the chapters of Evangelium Vitae addressing the relationship between the civil law and the moral law " deserve great attention because of the growing importance they are destined to have in the restoration of social life"

面对这一失败主义思维方式，教皇主张，论述了私法与道德律之间关系的《生命的福音通谕》的篇章&应该得到极大的关注，因为在社会生命的恢复中它们注定会越来越重要&

In the **ce of this defeatist mentality, the Pope argues that the chapters of Evangelium Vitae addressing the relationship between the civil law and the moral law "deserve great attention because of the growing importance they are destined to have in the restoration of social life"

面对这一失败主义思维方式，教皇主张，论述了私法与道德律之间关系的《生命的福音通谕》的篇章&应该得到极大的关注，因为在社会生命的恢复中它们注定会越来越重要&

John Paul II issued that call in his 1995 encyclical Evangelium Vitae, in response to what he characterized as a trend to demand a legal justification for contemporary attacks on human life like abortion and euthanasia,"as if they were rights which the state, at least under certain conditions, must acknowledge as belonging to citizens."

约翰·保罗二世在他的1995年《生命的福音通谕》中提出了这一要求，作为对他所描述为对人类生命之现代攻击——如堕胎和安乐死——要求法律证立的趋势的回应，&仿佛它们是权利，至少在某种情况下，国家必须承认是属于市民的。&

The Pope's extensive jurisprudential reflections in Evangelium Vitae prompt the question I consider in this presentation: How should we understand the doctrine on the necessary conformity of civil law with moral law in a religiously pluralistic democratic society like that of the United States today?

教皇在通谕中广泛地法哲学反思提出了这一问题，我将其表述如下：在像今天的美国一样的宗教多元化的民主社会中，我们应该如何理解关于私法与道德律必然一致的学说？

The Fathers call Mary the tabernacle exempt from defilement and corruption (Hippolytus,"Ontt. in illud, Dominus pascit me"); Origen calls her worthy of God, immaculate of the immaculate, most complete sanctity, perfect justice, neither deceived by the persuasion of the serpent, nor infected with his poisonous breathings ("Hom. i in diversa"); Ambrose says she is incorrupt, a virgin immune through grace from every stain of sin Sermo xxii in Ps.

cxviii；父亲呼吁玛丽帐幕免受污辱和腐败（ hippolytus ，& ontt在通谕，上主对我科技局首席助理秘书长&）；呼吁渊源，她无愧于上帝，圣母无染原罪的圣母无染原罪，最完整的神圣性，完美的正义，既不是欺骗，劝说该蛇，也感染了他的毒breathings （&磡，我在diversa &）；刘汉铨说，她是廉，处女免疫透过恩典，从每一个染色的单仲偕（ sermo二十二，在

Through subsequent encyclicals, Leo exemplified the applicability of Thomistic ideas to contemporary problems.

通过以后的通谕，利奥典范的适用性thomistic思想与当代的问题。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。