通气的

Successful tracheal intubation wasverified using the following criteria: 1 identification ofthe trachea and tracheal rings, 2 visualization of vocal cords,3 widening of glottis as the tracheal tube passes through,and 4 tracheal tube position above carina and demonstrationof movement of the chest wall visceroparietal pleural interface(i.e., sliding sign) after manual ventilation of the lungs.

成功的气管插管通过如下的标准证实：1）辨别气管和气管环，2）可见到声带，3）当气管导管置入时声门变宽，4）隆突上气管导管的位置以及手控通气时胸壁内脏壁胸膜界面的运动。

For the diagnosis and assessment of COPD, spirometry is the gold standard as it is the most reproducible, standardized, and objective way of measuring airflow limitation.

肺功能检查作为一种具有可重复性，标准化的，客观的检测通气受限程度的方法，是诊断和评估COPD的金标准。

The early stage MV has significant effect on hypoxemia and consciousness recovery in patients with acute severe craniocerebral injury.

早期机械通气可有效的改善重型颅脑损伤的低氧血症及意识的恢复，提高患者的生存质量。

Significance: hypoxic perialveolar arteriole contracts, more blood flows through sufficient ventilation alveolar and carries on effective gas exchange.

意义：氧分压低的肺泡周围微动脉收缩，较多的血液流经通气充足的肺泡进行有效的气体交换。

In the A and B figures, small grape-like tissue covered over all the epiglottic area that is hypertrophic lymphoid tonsil. More advanced the fiberoptic laryngoscope during spontaneous inspiration phase, larynx and vocal cord can be visualized in the C and D figures. We must emphasize that endotracheal intubation and even artificial ventilation was hardly performed under direct laryngocopy and general anesthesia.

图片A和B中，覆盖整个会厌部的葡萄息肉状物就是濔漫增生的舌底部淋巴组织增生，当光纤内视镜随著病人自主呼吸向内向下移动，吐气时可以见到图片C和D中喉头及声带的开合，由於在全身麻醉下无自主呼吸时此病人咽喉部位的似帘幕状遮蔽特殊结构造成之困难插管甚至是困难通气。

In the A and B figures, small grape - like tissue covered over all the epiglottic area that is hypertrophic lymphoid tonsil . More advanced the fiberoptic laryngoscope during spontaneous inspiration phase, larynx and vocal cord can be visualized in the C and D figures. We must emphasize that endotracheal intubation and even artificial ventilation was hardly performed under direct laryngocopy and general anesthesia .+{{: congress:2008:abstract:c01-1. jpg

图片A和B中，覆盖整个会厌部的葡萄息肉状物就是濔漫增生的舌底部淋巴组织增生，当光纤内视镜随著病人自主呼吸向内向下移动，吐气时可以见到图片C和D中喉头及声带的开合，由於在全身麻醉下无自主呼吸时此病人咽喉部位的似帘幕状遮蔽特殊结构造成之困难插管甚至是困难通气。

Indeed, by increasing the pressure in the right atrium and in the left ventricle with respect to extrathoracic vascular beds, positive-pressure ventilation affects the pressure gradients for both systemic venous return and left-ventricular ejection increase; Fig.

实际上，机械正压通气引起的右心房、左心室内的压力增加，这样和胸腔外血管床形成一定的压力梯度，此压力梯度会影响心肺两系统的静脉回流及左心射血（增加，见图1）。

To investigate the relationship between the impulse oscillometry method and plethysmogrophy used in measuring airway resistance,Using the two methods to measure the airway resistance and the ventilation data of 158 patients.

为探讨脉冲振荡法和体描法测定呼吸道阻力的关系，对158例患者分别用脉冲振荡法和体描法测定呼吸道阻力，同时测定测试患者的通气功能，对2种方法测得的呼吸道阻力进行相关分析，考察各组数据的分布情况。

Objective: To measure the variation and significance of respiratory impedance and pulmonary ventilation function in patients with bronchial asthma by impulse oscillometry before or after the bronchial provocation test, investigate the relationship between the IOS method and bronchial provocation test, and evaluate the clinical significance in bronchial asthma by IOS method.

目的：应用脉冲振荡法测定支气管哮喘患者在支气管激发试验前后的呼吸阻抗及肺通气功能参数的变化规律和临床意义，探讨IOS测定方法能否作为支气管激发试验的判断方法以及IOS测定参数在哮喘诊断中的价值。

RECENT FINDINGS: Respiratory variations in the plethysmographic waveform amplitude have been correlated with respiratory variations in arterial pulse pressure and can predict fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients under general anesthesia.

最近的调查结果：在体积描记波幅上的呼吸变化已与动脉脉压中的呼吸变化具有相关性，并且可以预测全身麻醉下机械通气患者的流体应答。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。