通气

Combining the former investigations on root structure and physiology of these genotypes with the present result, it's concluded that this is a novel waterlogging tolerance gene related to structural adaptation, and can be induced in roots of sesame and wheat under anoxia stress where endogenous ethylene production and formation of aerenchyma have been observed.

结合前期有关根结构和生理研究表明，XET在芝麻和小麦根中受厌氧诱导表达，与根中内源乙烯增生以及根皮层通气组织形成具有同步性，为新的与结构适应相关的耐渍基因。

Wetland plants have a series of physiological and anatomical characteristics to adapt flooding habitat, e.g., their root aerenchyma and oxygen-penetrating capability can make the rhizospheric micro-environment be under oxidation condition, resulting in the formation of Fe/Mn plaques on root surface.

湿地植物具有一系列生理和结构上适应浸水环境的特征，如根系的通气组织和渗氧能力，这使得植物根际微环境处于氧化状态，这样土壤中的铁和锰会在植物根表被氧化而形成红棕色的铁锰氧化物胶膜。

Developed aerenchyma tissue could restrain significantly the As translocation from root to shoot in rice plant and the As accumulation in rice shoot.

发达的通气组织结构显著抑制了As由水稻地下部到地上部的转运以及地上部对As的吸收：扬稻6号地上部As含量为10.77mg·kg-1，显著低于农垦57（12.85mg·kg-1）；扬稻6号对As的转移系数为0.067，仅为农垦57的73.6%。

The results showed that it adapted to saltmorphic circumstances through the following characters: A lot of aerenchyma existed in the vegetative organs;Phellem highly expanded in roots;thick cuticula;more mucilage cells and aleurone grains in parenchyma of roots and stems;A lot of water storing...

结果表明，不同生态环境中生长的马齿苋解剖结构显著不同，盐生马齿苋具有适应盐渍环境的结构特征，这些特征表现为：营养器官通气组织发达；根的次生结构中木栓发达；根、茎的薄壁组织中含有大量的黏液细胞和糊粉粒；叶片表皮的角质膜厚；叶肉中含晶细胞、叶绿体及贮水组织丰富；而这些特征是黑土地上生长的马齿苋所不具备的。

In nutrient solutions,deoxygenation caused a series of changes in root ana-tomy of some species,such as increased root diameter,root porosity and more developed aerenchyma,inducing a ROL barrier in root basal part and the consequent change of ROL profile.

溶液培养条件下，缺氧胁迫能使植物根的直径增粗，根孔隙度提高，通气组织更加发达，诱导根基部泌氧屏障的生成，使泌氧速率和泌氧方式发生变化。

Cellulase activity in adventitious roots of maize during aerenchyma formation induced by flooding was located through Cellulase activity in adventitious roots of maize during aerenchyma formation induced by flooding was located through the reaction of Benedict's reagent with reducing sugars liberated by hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose.

采用本氏试剂与羟甲基纤维素水解还原糖反应的细胞化学方法，对玉米不定根淹水诱导形成通气组织过程中，逐步解体的皮层细胞内纤维素酶活性进行了定位观察。

Cellulase activity in adventitious roots of maize during aerenchyma formation induced by flooding was located through the reaction of Benedict＇s reagent with reducing sugars liberated by hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose.

采用本氏试剂与羟甲基纤维素水解还原糖反应的细胞化学方法，对玉米不定根淹水诱导形成通气组织过程中，逐步解体的皮层细胞内纤维素酶活性进行了定位观察。

Five days following hormone additions, we obtained transverse sections of mid-stems of A. anomala and S. variegata and analyzed aerenchyma formation using E80i Nikon microscope, ACT-2U and Simple PCI software.

处理5 d后，采用切片法制备其茎中部横切面切片，用E80i Nikon显微镜进行观察，并运用ACT-2U和Simple PCI软件分析野古草和秋华柳茎中通气组织的形成情况。

F. bidentis leaf was of isobilateral type, and had thicker epidermis cell wall and cuticle, obvious cryptopores, and highly developed palisade tissue, with typical C4-plant Kranz anatomy. The collenchymas and vascular tissue in stem and the aerenchyma in root were well developed. Secretory structure was found in all vegetative organs. According to the analyses of soil physical and chemical properties and relevant ecological factors, F.

结果表明：黄顶菊叶片表皮具较厚的角质层、下陷气孔，叶片为等面叶、全栅型，叶肉细胞环绕维管束鞘细胞紧密排列，是典型C4植物的Kranz花环结构；茎中厚角组织和维管组织发达，根中还存在通气组织；根、茎、叶中均存在分泌结构。

During the process of long-time adaptive evolution, wetland plants adopted a series of special strategies to acclimate to salt stress. The main strategies are: 1 life history adjustment, e. g., to adjust seed germination time, implement seed dormancy and viviparity, and change reproductive manner to escape from direct salt stress, 2 morphological adjustment, e. g., to adjust biomass allocation pattern, age stem, defoliate, and carnify vegetative organs to isolate the redundant Na(superscript +) to the inactive-metabolism shoots or exclude the Na(superscript +)from tissues; 3 anatomic adjustment, e. g., to sink stoma, develop aerenchyma, and thicken cuticle and phellogen to maintain normal photosynthesis and respiration; 4 physiological and biochemical adjustment, e. g., to exclude and excrete salt, compartmentalize ions, adjust osmosis, do selective absorption, regulate hormones, and induce antioxidative enzymes to maintain the osmotic equilibrium and eliminate the active oxygen in cell; and 5 molecular level adjustment, e. g., to start up many salt-induced genes to regulate the metabolic responses to salt stress.

在长期的适应进化过程中，湿地植物形成了多种适应盐胁迫的策略，主要有：1生活史方面，植物可通过种子萌发时间的调整、种子体眠、胎生、繁殖方式的改变等逃避盐度的直接伤害；2形态学方面，植物可通过生物量分配模式的调整、茎的老化、落叶及营养器官的肉质化等将多余的Na隔离到代谢不活跃的茎中或将其排出体外；3解剖学方面，植物可通过气孔下陷、发达的通气组织、增加细胞木栓层、角质层及栅栏组织的厚度等以维持植物正常的光合作用和呼吸作用；4生理生化方面，植物可通过离子区隔化、拒盐、泌盐、选择性吸收、渗透调节、激素调节及抗氧化物酶的诱导等来维持细胞内正常的渗透压，清除胞内活性氧分子；5分子水平方面，植物可通过多种与盐胁迫相关的基因来调控细胞内的多种代谢反应。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。