通婚

Any of numerous hereditary, endogamous social subclasses stratified according to Hindu ritual purity.

种姓：根据印度教仪式的纯洁性划分的无数个世袭的、内部通婚的次等级之一

Aristocracy and gentry showed so monomaniacal concerns with the parity of statue and wealth when selecting marriage partners that resulted in endogamous marriage, i. e. marrying within their own ranks. At the same time, the family formations and marital relationships in different social ranks indicated the feature above, too.

在择偶行为和择偶标准中，中上层社会的人们强调社会地位和财富的对等，乡绅婚姻的同源性则说明各社会等级基本上是实行内部通婚的，家庭的结构特征及家庭内部的两性角色之不同也体现着等级的差异。

The Imbat Ket were originally divided into two exogamous phratries which exchanged marriage partners.

印八偈人原本分为两个交换配偶的异族通婚的氏族。

We shall there endeavour to establish the following propositions:-1. That the most ancient system in which the idea of blood-relationship was embodied, was the system of kinship through females only. 2. That the primitive groups were, or were assumed to be, homogenous. 3. That the system of kinship through females only tended to render the exogamous groups heterogeneous, and thus to supersede the system of capturing wives. 4. That in the advance from savagery the system of kinship through females only was succeeded by a system which acknowledged kinship through males also; and which, in most cases passed into a system which acknowledged kinship through males only. 5. That the system of kinship through males tended to rear up homogeneous groups, and thus to restore the original condition of affairs- wher the exogamous prejudice survived- as regards both the practice of capturing wives and the evolution of the form of capture. 6. That a local tribe, under the combined influence of exogamy and the system of female kinship, might attain a balance of persons of different sexes regarded as being of different descent, and that thus its members might be able to intermarry with the principle of exogamy. 7. That a local tribe, having reached this stage and grown proud through success in war, might decline intermarriage with other local tribes and become a caste.

我们将明确一下命题：1、大部分包括血统联系观念的古代体系是只通过女系计算血族关系的体系。2、原始群是或被假定是纯系的。3、只按女系计算血族关系的系统倾向于实行异类群的外婚制，并因而取代盗妻的体系。4、从只按女系计算血族关系的野蛮系统发展来的高级系统为也承认通过父系计算血族关系的系统所继承。5、通过父系计算血族关系的系统往往跃回均质的群体，并且因此恢复到事情的原始状态——外婚的偏执得以幸存——被认为既是实行盗妻的又是从盗妻发展的。6、一个本地部落在外婚制和女系血族关系的联合影响下，可能达到被认为不同世系的不同性别人们的平衡，而且因此成员可能得以按外婚原则通婚。7、到达这一阶段而且通过胜利的战争获得自豪的本地部落，可能拒绝与本地部落的联姻而变成世袭种姓。

We shall there endeavour to establish the following propositions:-1. That the most ancient system in which the idea of blood-relationship was embodied, was the system of kinship through females only. 2. That the primitive groups were, or were assumed to be, homogenous. 3. That the system of kinship through females only tended to render the exogamous groups heterogeneous, and thus to supersede the system of capturing wives. 4. That in the advance from savagery the system of kinship through females only was succeeded by a system which acknowledged kinship through males also; and which, in most cases passed into a system which acknowledged kinship through males only. 5. That the system of kinship through males tended to rear up homogeneous groups, and thus to restore the original condition of affairs- where the exogamous prejudice survived- as regards both the practice of capturing wives and the evolution of the form of capture. 6. That a local tribe, under the combined influence of exogamy and the system of female kinship, might attain a balance of persons of different sexes regarded as being of different descent, and that thus its members might be able to intermarry with the principle of exogamy. 7. That a local tribe, having reached this stage and grown proud through success in war, might decline intermarriage with other local tribes and become a caste.

我们将明确一下命题：1、大部分包括血统联系观念的古代体系是只通过女系计算血族关系的体系。2、原始群是或被假定是纯系的。3、只按女系计算血族关系的系统倾向于实行异类群的外婚制，并因而取代盗妻的体系。4、从只按女系计算血族关系的野蛮系统发展来的高级系统为也承认通过父系计算血族关系的系统所继承。5、通过父系计算血族关系的系统往往跃回均质的群体，并且因此恢复到事情的原始状态——外婚的偏执得以幸存——被认为既是实行盗妻的又是从盗妻发展的。6、一个本地部落在外婚制和女系血族关系的联合影响下，可能达到被认为不同世系的不同性别人们的平衡，而且因此成员可能得以按外婚原则通婚。7、到达这一阶段而且通过胜利的战争获得自豪的本地部落，可能拒绝与本地部落的联姻而变成世袭种姓。

An exogamous patrilineal clan .

一个异族通婚的父系氏族

Lahu's Esha adores and Lahu nation morality has the close connection , nation to work in unity and close cooperation in morality; Conjugal harmony , equality of men and women; Revere an old people; The close relative is internuptial; Treasure a stockaded village; Come content such as kindhearted , not pilfer diligently to be controlled mysterious strength in being that Smriti being adored the morality affecting what be taken form , these by Esha is also adored by Esha.

中文摘要：拉祜族的厄莎崇拜与拉祜族民族道德有着密切的联系，民族道德中团结互助；夫妻和睦、男女平等；尊敬老人；近亲通婚；爱护村寨；勤劳善良、不偷不盗等内容都是由厄莎崇拜影响所形成，这些道德的传承也由厄莎崇拜中的神秘力量来控制。

The Moutan community kept in touch with Han people for long time, so the life and religion of the Moutan community were affected by Han people.

牡丹社群长期和汉人接触，持续与汉人广泛的交往，并和客家人有通婚的情形，促使牡丹社群在生活和宗教方面受到汉人的影响。

These laws were stressed because the whole society had been guilty of breaking them:(1) no intermarriage with the heathen (Deuteronomy 7:3), however, they found this difficult to impose (13:23-29);(2) no business transactions on the Sabbath or any other holy day (Exodus 20:8-11; Amos 8:5; Numbers 28, 29);(3) observance of the Sabbatic year (Exodus 23:10-11; Deuteronomy 15:1-2); and (4) faithfully providing for all aspects of worship to God: the regular sacrifices at the Temple.

这四条律法所以要强调，因为当时整个社会在这四方面已经出问题了：（1）不可与异邦人通婚（申7：3），不过后来发现这一点很难贯彻（13：23~29）、（2）在安息日或其他圣日，不可有商业的交易（出20：8~11；摩8：5；民28.29）；（3）谨守安息年（出23：10~11；申15：1~2）；与（4）忠心预备各种敬拜上帝的用品：圣殿中例行的牲祭。

Stoke-d'Urberville took her back to the lawn and into the tent, where he left her, soon reappearing with a basket of light luncheon, which he put before her himself. It was evidently the gentleman's wish not to be disturbed in this pleasant t te--te by the servantry. 'Do you mind my smoking?' he asked. 'Oh, not at all, sir.

不过他在这方面并不是一个让想法失了分寸的人，在新的基础上重建他的家庭这棵树的时候，总是合情合理地编造家族之间的通婚和同贵族的联系，从来不在严格合适的身分上加上其它的头衔。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。