通信

During flying, the tethered aerostat can carry communications equipments (such as base station at high altitude) and enlarge communications coverage so as to carry out emergent communications in disaster areas.

可搭载通信设备升空，提高通信覆盖范围，实现灾区应急通信；也可搭载光学成像设备，在社会重大活动中提供公共安全监视功能，是理想的应急通信和监视平台。

The design of the interface modules of the control system is the following work. They were the interfaces connecting controller with digital, analog network, and the monitor computer respectively.

紧接着展开了对控制系统通信部分的研究开发工作，结合相关的芯片技术，设计了系统的数字通信模块、模拟通信模块、监控计算机通信模块；在现场模拟量的输入／输出模块，利用两片8255扩展了48个I／O端口，实现对现场设备的远程控制。

In this paper, firstly we researched the relationships of the communicating distanceand the channel characteristic, the effect of the multiple scattering to the laserpropagation, the requirement of the laser communication to the ATP system and theway to determine the angular dispersion and receive field of view. It is proved that inlight haze weather, letting the input and output laser\'s wavelength are diferrent witheach other, after passing by the filter, it can avoid backward scattering effectually andfor the communication within 15km, the influence of the multiple scattering inatmosphere can be ignored.

论文对通信距离与信道特性、多次散射对光传输的影响、无线激光通信对ATP带宽的需求以及光束发散角和接收视场角等重要系统性能参数和指标进行了分析和研究，证明了在轻霾天气状态下，使系统中两终端发送的激光束波长各不相同，经过光束滤波，可以有效地消除后向散射干扰；在15km的通信距离范围内，大气中的多次散射对无线激光通信光传输的影响可以忽略。

The current second-generation and third-generation (3G) mobile communication systems operate with narrow audio bandwidth limited to 200-3400Hz.As wireless systems are evolving from voice-telephony dominated services to multimedia and high-speed data services, the introduction of a wider bandwidth of 50–7000 Hz speech codec which provides substantially improved speech quality and naturalness is quite necessary. The Adaptive Multi-rate Wideband speech codec which was selected by 3GPP/ETSI and ITU-T can provide natural, present and comfortable codec speech and have higher intelligence and robustness in wireless systems. A wide range of applications are envisioned for AMR-WB, including ISDN wideband telephony and audio/video teleconferencing,Voice over IP and Internet applications such as IP video conferencing, voice mail, voice chat, broadcast, and voice streaming.

随着现代无线通信特别是多媒体通信的发展，人们对语音通信的质量要求越来越高。3GPP/ETSI TS026和ITU-T 722.2标准确定的自适应宽带语音编解码器AMR-WB具有的低比特率、互操作性和高语音质量，使之不仅能够应用于无线通信领域，而且可广泛应用于其他各种通信系统和平台，包括：VoIP、因特网、PSTN高质量音频会议、音频流、ISDN宽带电话、ISDN可视电话和电视会议等。

Along with vehement market competition, the technical request that relates to exploit banausic and advanced network resource management is put forward,How to increase the operational level of the telecommunication network everywhere, how to complete the communication guarantee responsibility given from the superior, how to keep the high level service quality, how to manage the equipments of the different manufactory in unification, moreover how to carry through the assistant decision-making that relates to feasibility and maneuverability of the preparative scheme of the emergency communication base on the network resource.

随着市场竞争的加剧，对开发实用、先进的网络资源管理技术提出了要求，如何提高各地电信网络的运营水平，完成上级赋予的通信保障职责，保持高水平的服务质量，统一管理不同制造商的设备，并在网络资源的基础上进行战备通信应急预案的可行性与可操作性的辅助决策；如何综合运用计算机科学、通信技术、地理信息系统的理论和方法对已投产运营的或将建设的网络相关信息进行有效管理，改善和提高调度、指挥效率，更加有效地管理和分配整个网络资源；如何使网络资源管理从单项的、人工的、独立的、局部的和数据的，走向综合的、智能的、统一的、整体的和可视化的，从而充分地发挥通信设备的作用，及时准确地为重要客户提供必要的通信保障；成为当前人们所关注并迫切希望得到解决的问题。

In the article, it briefly analyzes the necessity of monitoring the hydric parameters and the development status of monitoring system about the electronic power, then a real-time monitoring system for generator hydric parameters is presented, which applies the configuration software MCGS, radio-communication SMS, Modbus protocol and RS-485 bus .in the design of the system, MCGS is used to configurate the interface of superordinate computer and the device component of the wireless communication is authorized by Visual Basic; the transmitting and receiving flow through GSM(Global System for Mobile communication)in the way of SMS. The design of the smart communication module, which based on the RS-485 bus and Modbus protocol and the wireless communication interface module, which is connected with the wireless terminal based on Siemens TC35, are also expounded.

该方案利用MCGS组态软件进行上位机监控界面的组态；利用Visual Basic语言进行上位机无线通信设备构件的编制；并利用SMS通过全球移动通信系统GSM(Global System for Mobile Communication)网络实现报警等数据的无线传输；以Flash型超低功耗16位单片机MSP430F149作为通用通信模块控制器核心，开发出了基于RS-485总线模式和Modbus通信协议的远程数据采集模块，以及基于Siemens TC35的无线终端相连的无线通信接口模块。

But many problems still unresolved due to the disaccord of the electrical communication protocols which relevant to the types of ammeters, communication channels, and bring the disadvantage to the electrical charge systems integration, maintenance and upgrading. For solving the interoperation of power communication protocols, DLMS UA proposed a new communication protocol called DLMS /COSEM which world widely used and accepted as international standard by IEC and TC13 in recently years. The research in this area has just begun in China.

但是，这些系统由于选用的电能表型号不同、通信信道类型多种多样，而造成电能表通信协议不统一，给集中抄表带来了系统集成、维护和通信信道维护及升级困难等诸多问题，为了解决电能表通信协议的互操作性问题，DLMS用户协会提出了一种新的通信协议—DLMS／COSEM，目前已由IEC、TC13采纳作为国际标准，近年来在全世界范围得到了应用，我国在这方面的研究刚刚起步。

Basing costumers requirement, we design and develop Measurement and Control System Platform based Embedded System. In this thesis,I argumentate the whole scheme of Embedded Measurement and Control System Platform : Microsoft Windows CE RTOS and Intel StrongArm 1110 microprocesser;The communication ports including 10M Ethernet port , 9 pin RS232 port and GPIO.

文中论证了嵌入式测控系统平台的整体方案：微处理器采用Intel公司32位StrongArm1110，实时操作系统采用Windows CE，通信接口有Ethernet网络接口、RS232串行通信接口以及通用输入/输出；深入剖析了系统平台硬件、软件的体系结构及开发流程；重点说明了系统平台的通信模块——以太网通信端口和串行通信端口以及WDT/LVS模块的设计与实现方法。

The service provider performs the following steps: receiving a request from a customer to establish communication with another customer; confirming the identity of each customer; transmitting to each customer executable code enabling encrypted communication therewith; obtaining from each customer information regarding the customer's computing environment; preparing a set of applications for use by each customer, in accordance with the customer information and the customer's request; transmitting the set of applications as executable code to each customer; establishing a communication path to each customer; and specifying the communication path to the customers, thereby permitting the customers to communicate over the path using those applications.

服务提供商执行以下步骤：接收从一个客户发出的与另一个客户建立通信的请求；确认各个客户的身份；向各个客户发送能实现加密通信的可执行代码；从各个客户处获得关于客户计算环境的信息；按照客户信息和客户请求，准备一组应用程序供各客户使用；把这组应用程序作为可执行代码发送给各客户；建立与各客户的通信通道；向客户说明通信通道，从而允许客户使用那些应用程序在该通道上进行通信。

One of the incentives of anonymous communication is to hide either the identity of communicators or the communication relationship within the traffic flow, therefore materilising the users privacy and better protection for confidential communication.

匿名通信的一个重要目的就是隐藏通信双方的身份或通信关系，从而实现对网络用户的个人通信隐私及对涉密通信的更好的保护。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。